Tumor-specific but not nonspecific cell-free circulating DNA can be used to monitor disease response in lymphoma

Recently, nontumor specific circulating DNA was shown to be elevated in a broad range of lymphomas, implicating a role as a potential biomarker. Epstein-Barr virus' (EBV) presence within a proportion of lymphomas implies EBV-DNA has potential as a lymphoma-specific disease response biomarker. However, application would be restricted to EBV-associated lymphomas. Neither detailed comparison has been performed of lymphoma-specific versus nonspecific DNA as disease response biomarkers nor have the kinetics of circulating DNA during treatment been established, and the optimal methodology remains unknown. We prospectively evaluated DNA levels and clinical response of 63 lymphoma patients. DNA was measured in paired serum, plasma, and cell samples at five predetermined time-points taken prior, during and following treatment. Both cell-free (c-f) circulating EBV-DNA (in EBV-associated lymphoma) and nonspecific c-f DNA levels (in all lymphomas) were elevated and discriminatory at presentation compared to healthy controls. Nonspecific c-f DNA was significantly associated with baseline serum lactate dehydrogenase. Within EBV-associated lymphomas at presentation, there was a strong correlation between specific and nonspecific circulating c-f DNA (r = 0.9, P < 0.0001). However, only c-f EBV-DNA correlated with clinical/radiological response. In addition, c-f EBV-DNA, and not nonspecific c-f DNA, provided an early marker of relapsed and refractory disease. Serum versus plasma, and single versus multiple-copy EBV-gene targets were equivalent. Lymphoma-specific DNA is a disease response biomarker; however, nonspecific DNA reflected neither lymphoma-specific DNA nor therapeutic response. Lymphoma disease response can be monitored by blood tests, but new lymphoma-specific biomarkers need to be identified to broaden applicability.     

Initial Practice Recommendations for Teleneuropsychology

Telemedicine refers to the use of electronic communications to deliver health-related services from a distance, and is particularly useful in bringing specialty services to remote and/or underserved areas. Despite the increasing use of videoconference technology in psychology, there are very few guidelines to direct practitioners as to the ethical practice and utilization of telemedicine, and even fewer resources for practitioners of telecognitive assessment or teleneuropsychology. This paper seeks to outline several practical and ethical considerations that are relevant to the practice of telecognitive assessment and to assist practitioners in providing safe, ethical, and competent care to their patients by proposing some initial practice recommendations.     

Multicentre European study for the treatment of advanced emphysema with bronchial valves

This multicentre, blinded, sham-controlled study was performed to assess the safety and effectiveness of bronchial valve therapy using a bilateral upper lobe treatment approach without the goal of lobar atelectasis. Patients with upper lobe predominant severe emphysema were randomised to bronchoscopy with (n = 37) or without (n = 36) IBV Valves for a 3-month blinded phase. A positive responder was defined as having both a ≥ 4-point improvement in St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and a lobar volume shift as measured by quantitative computed tomography. At 3 months, there were eight (24%) positive responders in the treated group versus none (0%) in the control group (p = 0.002). Also, there was a significant shift in volume in the treated group from the upper lobes (mean ± SD -7.3 ± 9.0%) to the non-treated lobes (6.7 ± 14.5%), with minimal change in the control group (p<0.05). Mean SGRQ total score improved in both groups (treatment: -4.3 ± 16.2; control: -3.6 ± 10.7). The procedure and devices were well tolerated and there were no differences in adverse events reported in the treatment and control groups. Treatment with bronchial valves without complete lobar occlusion in both upper lobes was safe, but not effective in the majority of patients.     

Legislated right for donor-insemination children to know their genetic origin: a study of parental thinking

BACKGROUND: In Sweden, a child born as a result of donor insemination (DI) has the right to receive information both about the DI and the identity of the donor. The present study aimed to elucidate parents' thoughts regarding these possibilities, and whether, how and when they had told their offspring about the DI. An additional aim was to examine the parents' experiences of the attitudes of healthcare providers. METHODS: A follow-up study using semi-structured telephone interviews with 19 couples, including 19 women and 17 men. RESULTS: More than half of the parents (61%) had told all their child/ren about the DI, but almost everyone had told another person. Mean age for disclosure was 5 years for the first child. Reasons given for disclosure were to avoid accidental discovery, a desire for openness and a persons' fundamental right to know his/her genetic origin. Parents who did not intend to tell their child/ren considered DI a private matter and were afraid of other people's attitudes. Sixty-one percent of the parents had not yet told their children about the possibility of identifying the donor. Healthcare staff had impacted on the parents' thinking, and a majority of those who had been encouraged to tell their child/ren about the DI had done so. CONCLUSIONS: There was a discrepancy between the intentions of the legislation and how parents act in relation to them. To improve compliance, it is crucial to organize education, support and ethical discussion among professionals, and to offer parents, and parents-to-be, counselling, support and group sessions with other DI families.