Clinical success of shade guides arranged according to lightness measured digitally

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the VITA Classical shade guide arranged according to lightness allows clinicians to more often obtain a shade match than with an arrangement based on hue groups. A panel of 50 students determined the shade of the maxillary right central incisors of three patients with two differently arranged and blinded shade guides under standardized conditions. The L*a*b* values of the tabs were compared with those of the teeth spectrophotometrically. There were no statistically significant differences between the two arrangements. Using the arrangement according to lightness did not result in improved correct shade selection.     

Prognostic significance of histopathological parameters in sentinel nodes of melanoma patients

AIMS: The presence of micrometastases in the sentinel lymph node (SLN) is an important prognostic parameter for melanoma patients. The aim was to determine the prognostic relevance of histopathological characteristics of micrometastases in the SLN, which has not been adequately addressed thus far. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 169 melanoma patients with positive SLN, histopathological features of the SLN were correlated with overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). Tumour burden, expansion of melanoma cells in the periphery (infiltration of capsule) and towards the centre of the SLN [tumour penetrative depth (TPN)] were of prognostic significance for OS and RFS on univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed three independent significant parameters which predict a poor prognosis: presence of infiltration of the SLN capsule, TPN > or = 2 mm and size of the largest tumour deposit > or = 30 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Histopathological analysis of SLN allows the identification of patients with a poor prognosis depending on the location of melanoma cells and tumour burden.     

Oral health and access to dental care – a comparison of elderly migrants and non-migrants in Germany

Objectives: To compare oral health, access barriers to dental care, oral health behavior and oral hygiene behavior of elderly German residents with and without immigration background.

Design: In this cross-sectional explorative study, a convenience sample (N?=?112, age?≥?60 years, 54% immigrants) was recruited in four dental practices in Hamburg, Germany. Oral health was assessed with Decayed/Missing/Filled Teeth (DMFT), Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI), and Approximal Plaque Index (API). Dental health was operationalized as number of decayed teeth, and poor oral hygiene based on a PBI?≥?40%. Access barriers and oral health behavior were assessed with a standardized questionnaire.

Results: While caries experience was similar in migrants and non-migrants (DMFT mean: 24.8 vs. 23.4, n.s.), significantly more teeth were decayed (5.3 vs. 2.1, p?p?=?0.002) and PBI (46.3% vs. 30.5%, p?=?0.016) were significantly higher in migrants. After adjusting for age, sex, income, education, and number of teeth, migrants still had on average 3 decayed teeth more than non-migrants. However, impact of migration background on poor oral health changed from OR?=?3.61 (p?=?0.007) to OR?=?1.05 (n.s.) after adjusting for confounders, mainly due to lower income in migrants. Fewer migrants had visited a dentist within the past 12 months, and migrants were less likely to have a regular dentist that they visit and more often indicated language or cost barriers than non-migrants.

Conclusion: Elderly German migrants have higher treatment needs than non-migrants. Likely causes are poorer oral hygiene and lower utilization of dental care services. Specific prevention programs targeting migrants are warranted to improve oral health in this disadvantaged group.     

Microstructural white matter alterations associated with migraine headaches: a systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging studies

Brain Imaging and Behavior - The pathophysiology of migraine as a headache disorder is still undetermined. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has significantly improved our knowledge about brain...     

Rapid antibody responses by low-dose, single-step, dendritic cell-targeted immunization

We have compared the kinetics of antibody responses in conventional and dendritic cell-targeted immunization by using a model antigen in mice. Targeting was achieved by linking the reporter antigen (polyclonal goat anti-hamster antibody) to N418, a hamster mAb that binds to the CD11c molecule on the surface of murine dendritic cells. Intradermal injection of submicrogram quantities of goat anti-hamster antibody complexed to mAb N418 elicited goat antibody-specific serum IgG in mice. Antigen-specific IgG titers were detectable by day 5, with titers that ranged from 1:1000 to 1:100,000 by day 7. In contrast, when the goat antigen was injected alone or in the presence of a hamster antibody control to form nontargeted complexes, goat-specific serum IgG was undetectable at day 7. Additional control experiments showed that the interaction between the model antigen and mAb N418 is required for amplification of the serum antibody response. These studies demonstrate that a single-step, facilitated-delivery of small amounts of protein antigen to dendritic cells in vivo can give very rapid and high antibody responses. The approach may be particularly useful for vaccination immediately before or just after exposure to a pathogen and may enhance the utility of subunit antigens as immunogens.     

Evaluation of the Essen Rotary as a new technique for bacterial swabs: results of a prospective controlled clinical investigation in 50 patients with chronic leg ulcers

Most chronic wounds are colonised with different microorganisms, especially problematic bacteria like methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which represent an increasing therapeutic challenge in the modern wound therapy regimen. Therefore, it is essential to specify the bacteria in wounds for an individual‐specific treatment. In most patients, an exemplary bacterial swab is taken from the centre of the wound surface. This so‐called Levine technique is propagated currently as the gold standard. The aim of our clinical investigation was to compare the results of different swab techniques to the new established Essen Rotary. In this monocentric prospective investigation, 50 patients with chronic leg ulcers were examined consecutively. The results of our clinical study show that bacteria are heterogeneously spread on wound surfaces. The analysis of the semiquantitative measured results showed that the Essen Rotary could detect significant more bacteria with a total amount of 111 bacteria (P = 0·049) compared to usual swab techniques. Considerably, only the Essen Rotary identified five compared to three MRSA‐patients detected by other techniques. The Essen Rotary is an efficient, economic and uncomplicated modification of bacteriological swab techniques which detects significant more bacteria compared to other conventional swab techniques. Therefore, the Essen Rotary may become the new gold standard in routinely taken bacteriological swabs especially for MRSA screenings in patients with chronic leg ulcers.