Intrastromal keratorhexis with the Nd:YAG laser--a possible method of refractive surgery?

A new method of refractive corneal surgery is presented. With the q-switched Nd:YAG-laser Visulas (Zeiss-Oberkochen) we succeed in altering the optical power of the cornea of rabbits, pigs and humans. The number of applied laser spots and the distribution pattern influence the way and the amount of change of refraction. The method, clinical and histological features, complications and prospects of the Nd: YAG laser keratorhexis are described.     

Haemophilus ducreyi infection in south Florida: a rare disease on the rise?

Increased numbers of patients with genital ulcers sought medical attention in the Palm Beach County, Florida, Sexually Transmitted Disease clinics from Aug 1, 1982 to Aug 31, 1983. We established that a small proportion of subsequent cases of genital ulcers were caused by Haemophilus ducreyi, the etiologic agent associated with chancroid. We also set up a surveillance system to monitor this sexually transmitted infection, and have illuminated several recent cases of chancroid occurring in that area. This outbreak of chancroid suggest that clinicians practicing in south Florida consider chancroid (generally a rare disease in the United States) in their differential diagnoses of genital ulcers.     

Dual-source-Computertomographie des Herzens

In a newly developed dual-source computed tomography system (DSCT) the relation of heart rate and image quality and the possible advantages of the system’s superior temporal resolution in the evaluation of left ventricular parameters as compared to results of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were assessed. Coronary CT angiography was performed using a DSCT (Somatom Defintion, Siemens Medical Solutions, Forchheim, Germany) in 21 patients (mean age 62±8; 15 male, 6 female). Image quality of the coronary arteries, the heart valves, and the left ventricular myocardium was assessed using a three-point grading scale. Ten of these patients also underwent cardiac MRI for the assessment of left ventricular function, using a SSFP (steady-state free precession) sequence. Left ventricular ejection fractions (LV-EF), the end-systolic volumes (ESV), and the end-diastolic volumes (EDV) were measured employing MRI and DSCT datasets. The image quality ratings for the coronary arteries at the optimal reconstruction interval were diagnostic even in patients with high heart rates (1.42±0.49). Analysis of global LV function using DSCT quantified from CTA datasets showed a good correlation with results of cardiac MRI [EF: r=0.75 (p=0.01); ESV: r=0.72 (p=0.19); EDV: r=0.71 (p=0.02)]. The dual-source CT system offers robust image quality of the coronary arteries, independent of the heart rate, and provides combined diagnostic imaging of coronary arteries, the heart valves, the myocardium, and the global left ventricular function.     

Meta-analysis of randomized controlled comparisons of psychopharmacological and psychological treatments for anxiety disorders.

BACKGROUND: A number of meta-analyses have led to contradictory results regarding the efficacy of the psychological and pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders. The main reasons for these inconsistent results seem to be the inclusion of heterogeneous studies and influences of selection biases. We performed a meta-analysis, which only included studies using a direct comparison of pharmacological, psychological, or combined treatments. METHOD: Sixteen studies on panic disorder, six studies on social anxiety disorder, and two studies on generalized anxiety disorder have been analyzed. Effect sizes for differences between the different treatment modalities were calculated. Also, the effect sizes of the pre-post differences were calculated. RESULTS: Pharmacological treatment, cognitive-behavioural treatment, and the combination of both treatment modalities all led to substantial improvement between pre- and post-treatment. Combined pharmacological and psychological treatment was superior to the monotherapies for panic disorder. For social anxiety disorder, there is only preliminary support for combined treatment. Due to lack of sufficient data, no final conclusions can be drawn for generalized anxiety disorder. CONCLUSIONS: While drug treatment and CBT showed equal efficacy, only in panic disorder the combination of pharmacological and psychological treatment was superior to either treatment alone. For the other anxiety disorders, the evidence for greater efficacy of combination treatment is still not sufficient due to lack of studies.     

Determination of HPGe detector response using MCNP5 for 20-150 keV X-rays.

The Monte Carlo method was used to calculate the efficiency, escape and Compton curves of a planar high-purity germanium detector (HPGe) in the 20-150 keV energy. These curves were used for the determination of photons spectra produced by an X-ray machine in order to allow a precise characterization of photon beams applied to medical diagnosis. The detector was modeled with the MCNP5 computer code and validated by comparison with experimental data. The air kerma calculated after the spectra stripping was compared with ionization chamber measurements.     

Große solitäre fibröse Tumoren der Pleura als Zufallsbefund

The solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a very rare and usually benign neoplasm. This tumor is mostly located in the thoracic cavity, but it has also been reported in numerous sites including liver, skin, and meninges. Due to its rarity diagnosis is often difficult. Accordingly, histopathological differentiation is of major importance. Solitary fibrous tumors consistently express CD 34 and react negatively to epithelial markers. This absence of expression of epithelial markers, especially cytokeratin, is also useful to distinguish these rare entities from sarcomatous mesotheliomas. The treatment of choice for solitary fibrous tumors is extensive surgical resection. Up to now there is no evidence that radiation and chemotherapy are effective. The local recurrence or onset of metastases depends on histologic parameters. In cases of benign classification (60-80%), the recurrence rate was only 2% after surgical excision. One-half of the patients with malignant tumors can be cured; the rest develop recurrences and metastases more often. Especially in those cases, emphasis should be placed on continual follow-up examination. We report two cases of a 65- and a 75-year-old male patient with huge intrathoracic solitary fibrous subpleural tumors, discovered incidentally on routine chest X-ray.     

Rapid isolation and characterization of 118 novel C2H2-type zinc finger cDNAs expressed in human brain

C2H2-type zinc finger genes comprise one of the largest genefamilies in the human genome. These proteins are involved ingenetic regulation and development and are quite conserved throughoutevolution. The finger domains commonly contain the small linkerpeptide TGEKP between some finger units. Here, we report theisolation of 133 human zinc finger cDNAs, of which 118 are novel.These clones were isolated from human brain cDNA libraries usingoligonucleotide hybridization followed by expressed sequencetag (EST) analysis, sequencing from the conserved linker regionusing degenerate oligonucleotide primers. This directed partialsequencing approach to cDNA isolation and characterization,signature sequencing, combines the speed of EST automatic sequencingwith the focus of specific cDNA family analysis. Signature sequencingminimizes the generation of less informative random EST sequencesand provides a unique relative position for sequence comparison.We also show that there is an even distribution of these RNA5from this brain cDNA library, and that these cDNAs contain N-terminaldomains found in other zinc finger genes. This rapid focusedsequencing approach should be applicable to any family of cDNAscontaining short conserved signature peptide sequences.