全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2326篇 |
免费 | 180篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 30篇 |
儿科学 | 64篇 |
妇产科学 | 42篇 |
基础医学 | 234篇 |
口腔科学 | 20篇 |
临床医学 | 309篇 |
内科学 | 406篇 |
皮肤病学 | 24篇 |
神经病学 | 203篇 |
特种医学 | 57篇 |
外科学 | 326篇 |
综合类 | 24篇 |
一般理论 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 354篇 |
眼科学 | 62篇 |
药学 | 201篇 |
中国医学 | 3篇 |
肿瘤学 | 146篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 24篇 |
2021年 | 41篇 |
2020年 | 38篇 |
2019年 | 48篇 |
2018年 | 81篇 |
2017年 | 49篇 |
2016年 | 58篇 |
2015年 | 73篇 |
2014年 | 115篇 |
2013年 | 130篇 |
2012年 | 161篇 |
2011年 | 163篇 |
2010年 | 129篇 |
2009年 | 76篇 |
2008年 | 154篇 |
2007年 | 153篇 |
2006年 | 145篇 |
2005年 | 176篇 |
2004年 | 161篇 |
2003年 | 149篇 |
2002年 | 131篇 |
2001年 | 26篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 25篇 |
1998年 | 21篇 |
1997年 | 15篇 |
1996年 | 23篇 |
1995年 | 19篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2509条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Martin Miner Ajay Nehra Graham Jackson Shalender Bhasin Kevin Billups Arthur L. Burnett Jacques Buvat Culley Carson Glenn Cunningham Peter Ganz Irwin Goldstein Andre Guay Geoff Hackett Robert A. Kloner John B. Kostis K. Elizabeth LaFlamme Piero Montorsi Melinda Ramsey Raymond Rosen Richard Sadovsky Allen Seftel Ridwan Shabsigh Charalambos Vlachopoulos Frederick Wu 《The American journal of medicine》2014
An association between erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease has long been recognized, and studies suggest that erectile dysfunction is an independent marker of cardiovascular disease risk. Therefore, assessment and management of erectile dysfunction may help identify and reduce the risk of future cardiovascular events, particularly in younger men. The initial erectile dysfunction evaluation should distinguish between predominantly vasculogenic erectile dysfunction and erectile dysfunction of other etiologies. For men believed to have predominantly vasculogenic erectile dysfunction, we recommend that initial cardiovascular risk stratification be based on the Framingham Risk Score. Management of men with erectile dysfunction who are at low risk for cardiovascular disease should focus on risk-factor control; men at high risk, including those with cardiovascular symptoms, should be referred to a cardiologist. Intermediate-risk men should undergo noninvasive evaluation for subclinical atherosclerosis. A growing body of evidence supports the use of emerging prognostic markers to further understand cardiovascular risk in men with erectile dysfunction, but few markers have been prospectively evaluated in this population. In conclusion, we support cardiovascular risk stratification and risk-factor management in all men with vasculogenic erectile dysfunction. 相似文献
72.
Autoimmune diseases are a range of diseases in which the immune response to self-antigens results in damage or dysfunction of tissues. Autoimmune diseases can be systemic or can affect specific organs or body systems. For most autoimmune diseases there is a clear sex difference in prevalence, whereby females are generally more frequently affected than males. In this review, we consider gender differences in systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases, and we summarize human data that outlines the prevalence of common autoimmune diseases specific to adult males and females in countries commonly surveyed. We discuss possible mechanisms for sex specific differences including gender differences in immune response and organ vulnerability, reproductive capacity including pregnancy, sex hormones, genetic predisposition, parental inheritance, and epigenetics. Evidence demonstrates that gender has a significant influence on the development of autoimmune disease. Thus, considerations of gender should be at the forefront of all studies that attempt to define mechanisms that underpin autoimmune disease. 相似文献
73.
74.
Hughes IP Harris M Choong CS Ambler G Cutfield W Hofman P Cowell CT Werther G Cotterill A Davies PS;Australasian Paediatric Endocrine Group 《Clinical endocrinology》2012,77(1):62-71
Objective To investigate response to growth hormone (GH) in the first, second and third years of treatment for all idiopathic GH‐deficient (GHD) and idiopathic short stature (ISS) patients in Australia. Context Eligibility for subsidized GH treatment in Australia is determined on auxological criteria for the indication of Short Stature and Slow Growth (SSSG), which includes ISS (SSSG‐ISS). The biochemical GHD (BGHD, peak GH < 10 mU/l) and SSSG indications are treated similarly: starting dose of 4·5 mg/m2/week with provision for incremental dosing. Some ISS patients were specifically diagnosed with familial short stature (SSSG‐FSS). Design Responses for each year of treatment for BGHD, SSSG‐ISS and SSSG‐FSS cohorts were compared in relation to influencing variables and with international benchmarks. The effect of incremental dosing was assessed. Patients Australian BGHD, SSSG‐ISS and SSSG‐FSS patients who had completed 1, 2, or 3 years of treatment and were currently receiving GH. Measurements Growth hormone dose, change in height‐standard deviation score (ΔSDS) and growth velocity (GV). Results First‐year response was 2–3 times greater than that in subsequent years: ΔSDS1st year = 0·92, 0·50 and 0·46 for BGHD, SSSG‐ISS and SSSG‐FSS, respectively. Responses were similar to international reports and inversely related to age at commencement of GH. First‐year GV‐for‐age for BGHD patients was similar to international standards for idiopathic GHD. However, girls had an inferior response to boys when treatment commenced at <6 years of age. First‐year GV‐for‐age for SSSG‐ISS/FSS patients was less than ISS standards. Dose increments attenuated the first‐ to second‐year decline in response to BGHD but marginally improved the responses for SSSG‐ISS/FSS. Conclusions The Australian auxology‐based GH programme produces comparable responses to international programmes. A lower starting dose is offset by the initiation of treatment at younger ages. Incremental dosing does not appear optimal. A first‐year dose of 6·4–6·9 mg/m2/week for GHD and 8·9 mg/m2/week for ISS with early commencement of GH treatment may be most efficacious. 相似文献
75.
Berkay Ozcelik Karl D. Brown Anton Blencowe Mark Daniell Geoff W. Stevens Greg G. Qiao 《Acta biomaterialia》2013,9(5):6594-6605
Due to the high demand for donor corneas and their low supply, autologous corneal endothelial cell (CEC) culture and transplantation for treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunction would be highly desirable. Many studies have shown the possibility of culturing CECs in vitro, but lack potential robust substrates for transplantation into the cornea. In this study, we investigate the properties of novel ultrathin chitosan–poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel films (CPHFs) for corneal tissue engineering applications. Cross-linking of chitosan films with diepoxy-PEG and cystamine was employed to prepare ~50 μm (hydrated) hydrogel films. Through variation of the PEG content (1.5–5.9 wt.%) it was possible to tailor the CPHFs to have tensile strains and ultimate stresses identical to or greater than those of human corneal tissue while retaining similar tensile moduli. Light transmission measurements in the visible spectrum (400–700 nm) revealed that the films were >95% optically transparent, above that of the human cornea (maximum ~90%), whilst in vitro degradation studies with lysozyme revealed that the CPHFs maintained the biodegradable characteristics of chitosan. Cell culture studies demonstrated the ability of the CPHFs to support the attachment and proliferation of sheep CECs. Ex vivo surgical trials on ovine eyes demonstrated that the CPHFs displayed excellent characteristics for physical manipulation and implantation purposes. The ultrathin CPHFs display desirable mechanical, optical and degradation properties whilst allowing attachment and proliferation of ovine CECs, and as such are attractive candidates for the regeneration and transplantation of CECs, as well as other corneal tissue engineering applications. 相似文献
76.
77.
Jean-Sébastien Pelletier Christopher DeGara Geoff Porter Sunita Ghosh Dan Schiller 《Canadian journal of surgery》2013,56(4):E51-E58
Introduction
Previous studies, including research published more than 10 years ago in Northern Alberta, have demonstrated improved outcomes with increased surgical volume and subspecialisation in the treatment of rectal cancer. We sought to examine contemporary rectal cancer care in the same region to determine whether practice patterns have changed and whether outcomes have improved.Methods
We reviewed the charts of all patients with rectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed between 1998 and 2003 who had a potentially curative resection. The main outcomes examined were 5-year local recurrence (LR) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Surgeons were classified into 3 groups according to training and volume, and we compared outcome measures among them. We also compared our results to those of the previous study from our region.Results
We included 433 cases in the study. Subspecialty-trained colorectal surgeons performed 35% of all surgeries in our study compared to 16% in the previous study. The overall 5-year LR rate and DSS in our study were improved compared to the previous study. On multivariate analysis, the only factor associated with increased 5-year LR was presence of obstruction, and the factors associated with decreased 5-year DSS were high-volume noncolorectal surgeons, presence of obstruction and increased stage.Conclusion
Over the past 10 years, the long-term outcomes of treatment for rectal cancer have improved. We found that surgical subspecialization was associated with improved DSS but not LR. Increased surgical volume was not associated with LR or DSS. 相似文献78.
79.
Mark Lenz Stephan Marcel Perren Robert Geoff Richards Thomas Mückley Gunther Olaf Hofmann Boyko Gueorguiev Markus Windolf 《International orthopaedics》2013,37(1):125-130
Purpose
Cerclage technology is regaining interest due to the increasing number of periprosthetic fractures. Different wiring techniques have been formerly proposed and have hibernated over years. Hereby, they are compared to current cerclage technology.Methods
Seven groups (n = 6) of different cable cerclage (Ø1.7 mm, crimp closure) configurations (one single cerclage looped once around the shells, one single cerclage looped twice, two cerclages each looped once) and solid wire cerclages (Ø1.5 mm, twist closure) (same configurations as cable cerclages, and two braided wires, twisted around each other looped once) fixed two cortical half shells of human femoral shaft mounted on a testing jig. Sinusoidal cyclic loading with constantly increasing force (0.1 N/cycle) was applied starting at 50 N peak load. Cerclage pretension (P), load leading to onset of plastic deformation (D) and load at total failure (T) were identified. Statistical differences between the groups were detected by univariate ANOVA.Results
Double looped cables (P442N ± 129; D1334N ± 319; T2734N ± 330) performed significantly better (p < 0.05) than single looped cables (P292N ± 56; D646N ± 108; T1622N ± 171) and were comparable to two single cables (P392N ± 154; D1191N ± 334; T2675N ± 361). Double looped wires (P335N ± 49; D752N ± 119; T1359N ± 80) were significantly better (p < 0.05) than single looped wires (P181N ± 16; D343N ± 33; T606N ± 109) and performed similarly to single looped cables. Braided wires (P119N ± 26; D225N ± 55; T919N ± 197) exhibited early loss of pretension and plastic deformation.Conclusion
Double looped cerclages provided a better fixation stability compared to a single looped cerclage. Double looped wires were comparable to a single looped cable. The use of braided wires could not be recommended mechanically. 相似文献80.
Mark Lenz Boyko Gueorguiev Robert Geoff Richards Thomas Mückley Gunther Olaf Hofmann Dankward Höntzsch Markus Windolf 《International orthopaedics》2013,37(1):113-118