中国已婚育龄妇女分娩保健服务的状况与变化研究

目的:分析我国已婚育龄妇女分娩保健服务状况及其变化。方法:对全国31个省(直辖市、自治区)抽取的调查前三年有生育史的1962名已婚育龄妇女进行问卷调查,结合1997年全国人口与生殖健康调查资料,对两次调查前三年有生育史妇女最近一次活产的分娩保健服务状况进行比较分析。结果:①与1997年调查前三年相比,2001年调查前三年育龄妇女的入院分娩率增加,家庭分娩的比例明显减少;②农村妇女家庭分娩比例明显降低,由1997年调查时的61·41%降为2001年调查时的40·78%,1998~2000年间,92·54%城镇妇女接受分娩保健服务,农村妇女家庭分娩比例高出城镇7·4倍,为40·78%;③分娩保健服务在各地区发展不平衡,东部和中部地区发展快,西部地区,尤其是西南地区发展相对较慢,1998~2000年间,西部地区妇女中,一半以上在家分娩,西部地区农村家庭分娩妇女一半以上由家人接生,约为东部和中部地区的6倍;④少数民族妇女家庭分娩和由家人接生的比例明显高于汉族妇女;⑤随着文化程度和经济收入的增加育龄妇女对分娩保健服务的利用增加,文盲、经济收入低的妇女家庭分娩比例和由家人接生的比例非常高。结论:我国分娩保健服务状况在改善,但发展极不平衡,西部地区农村的分娩保健服务急待提高。应加强对西部地区分娩保健服务的支持力度,研究制定应对策略,加强对西部农村接生人员的专业技术培训。     

脑出血后的抑制细胞凋亡干预

脑出血后血肿周围组织可发生继发性损伤。研究表明，细胞凋亡在脑出血后继发性损伤中起着重要作用。抑制细胞凋亡可显著改善脑出血后的神经功能缺损。     

小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的conA受体分布及受体介导内吞

本实验利用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)、胶体金标记法显示小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞(Mφ)表面膜刀豆素A(conA)受体的分布及conA受体介导的吞噬活动。结果显示,conA受体在Mφ膜表面呈均匀分布。随着conA凝集素与Mφ膜表面conA受体作用时间的延长,conA受体介导的内吞活性增强。     

辽宁满族和汉族指纹白线正常值分析

本文报告了辽宁满族和汉族人指纹白线的调查结果。满族和汉族人的指纹白线出现率分别是7.14％和31.73％。满族人的指纹白线出现率低于汉族、维吾尔族、德国人、波兰人和美国白人。作者注意到满族人的指纹白线不存在左右手间和性别间的差异,而汉族人性别间差异显著。十指均有白线频率为1.91％(满族)和10.5％(汉族)。十指均有白线的白线平均数满族为39.3±6.6,汉族为35.5±10.6。五指中指纹白线出现率从高到低的顺序在满族为Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅲ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ,在汉族为Ⅳ、Ⅲ、Ⅱ、Ⅰ、Ⅴ。存在民族间的差异。     

化疗药物配制方法探讨

为探讨化疗药物正确的配制方法，有效地预防化疗药物可能存在的职业危害，并使病人得到准确的用药剂量。提出配制化疗药物应在专门的化疗药物配制阃配制，使用特制的层流净化操作台，不具备条件者可在排风设备良好、空气流通的场所内配制。配制人员必须熟练掌握化疗药物的药理知识，配制时应严格做好查对工作。     

A preliminary study of radioimmunoimaging by 131I-COC183B2 monoclonal antibody in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.

Monoclonal antibody 131I-COC183B2, developed in our laboratory and proved to fit for human treatment was injected intraperitoneally or subcutaneously in 13 patients. In 8 cases with i.p. injection the disease corresponded with the image, i.e. 3 primary ovarian epithelial cancers showed positive images, 1 ovarian Krukenberg tumor was negative and the other 4 negative images included 1 uterine myoma and 3 ovarian teratomas. In the subcutaneous injection group, 4 cases had ovarian carcinoma, surgery and chemotherapy. Two negative images corresponded with the clinical status-in good health, another negative case had metastatic left supraclavicular lymph node due to ovarian mucinous adenocarcinoma. The last negative image in this group was a case of benign ovarian teratoma which was proved after surgery. The 1 positive case was waiting to be proved by a scheduled third operation. The computer scintigram calculation of T/NT was 5.35 to 13.7. The results suggest that this monoclonal antibody can be used for radioimmunoimaging for the localization of ovarian carcinoma, which is not only helpful for clinical staging and differential diagnosis but is also a good follow-up method.

     

A nuclear protein associated with human cancer cells binds preferentially to a human repetitive DNA sequence.

A protein (Rp66) of 66 kDa was shown by DNA-binding protein blot assay to bind to a human repetitive DNA sequence (low-repeat sequence; LRS) in each of 10 transformed human cell lines examined. This protein-DNA interaction was not observed in 11 normal human cell cultures or in the Chinese hamster cell line CHO-K1. Gel retardation assay confirmed the specificity of the protein-DNA binding between Rp66 and LRS. In a histiocytic lymphoma human cell line, U937, that can be induced to differentiate in the presence of phorbol ester, this binding disappeared after cell differentiation. These together with other results cited suggest a regulatory role for these repetitive sequences in the human genome, with particular application to cancer.     

Expression of Anion Exchanger 1 Sequestrates p16 in the Cytoplasm in Gastric and Colonic Adenocarcinoma

p16^INK4A (p16) binds to cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 and negatively regulates cell growth. Recent studies have led to an understanding of additional biologic functions for p16; however, the detailed mechanisms involved are still elusive. In this article, we show an unexpected expression of anion exchanger 1 (AE1) in the cytoplasm in poorly and moderately differentiated gastric and colonic adenocarcinoma cells and in its interaction with p16, thereby sequestrating the protein in the cytoplasm. Genetic alterations of p16 and AE1 were not detectable. Forced expression of AE1 in these cells sequestrated more p16 in the cytoplasm, whereas small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of AE1 in the cells induced the release of p16 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, leading to cell death and growth inhibition of tumor cells. By analyzing tissue samples obtained from patients with gastric and colonic cancers, we found that 83.33% of gastric cancers and 56.52% of colonic cancers coexpressed AE1 and p16 in the cytoplasm. We conclude that AE1 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of gastric and colonic adenocarcinoma and that p16 dysfunction is a novel pathway of carcinogenesis.     

487例垂体腺瘤伽玛刀治疗后内分泌学远期效果分析

目的 评估487例垂体腺瘤行伽玛刀治疗后内分泌方面的改变,并分析性功能的改善情况.方法 对487例垂体腺瘤患者进行立体定向伽玛刀治疗,对他们作半年到7年的随访,记录其血液内分泌的水平和性功能的状况并进行了分析.结果 在随访的患者中,PRL腺瘤和GH腺瘤内分泌水平分别有53.7%、31.8%降至正常,而分别有24.2%、45.5%继续升高;在PRL腺瘤伽玛刀术后内分泌水平继续升高的患者中,有较高比例是术后自行停止服用溴隐亭;无功能型、PRL型、GH型、混合型垂体腺瘤性功能明显改善分别为1.7%、28.8%、10.8%、20.0%.结论 立体定向伽玛刀放射外科治疗垂体腺瘤可以改善内分泌学方面的异常,单从这一角度分析该方法可以作为垂体腺瘤的首选治疗,并完全替代传统的分次放疗.伽玛刀治疗后仍然需要继续服用溴隐亭.伽玛刀治疗可以改善垂体腺瘤患者的性功能;但为了更好的改善性功能,提倡对垂体腺瘤(包括垂体微腺瘤)进行早期的立体定向伽玛刀治疗.     

中医发展中值得关注的四个和谐方面

和谐是发展的条件,和谐产生动力。如何利用和谐因素消除不和谐因素,是中医发展值得重视和研究的问题。对中医发展中的和谐方面进行了探讨。