Population-based case-control study of CYP11A gene polymorphism and breast cancer risk.

The CYP11A gene encodes the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of sex hormones. A pentanucleotide repeat [(TAAAA)n] polymorphism in the 5' of the CYP11A gene has been reported to be related to the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome, an inherited endocrine disorder characterized by hyperandrogenemia. We investigated the association of this polymorphism with breast cancer risk in a population-based case-control study conducted among Chinese women in Shanghai. Genotype assays were completed for 1015 incident breast cancer cases and 1082 community controls. Three common alleles with 4, 6, or 8 TAAAA repeats were identified in the study population. The frequency of the 8 repeat allele was more common in cases (12.6%) than controls (8.5%) (odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval = 1.3-1.9; P < 0.0001). Compared to subjects who did not carry this allele, adjusted odds ratios were 1.5 (95% confidence interval = 1.2-1.9) and 2.9 (1.3-6.7) (P for trend, <0.001), respectively, for those who carried one and two copies of this allele. This positive association was observed in both pre- and postmenopausal women and all strata defined by major breast cancer risk factors, including years of menstruation, body mass index, and waist-to-hip ratio. The results from this study indicate that the TAAAA repeat polymorphism near the promoter region of the CYP11A gene may be an important susceptibility factor for breast cancer risk.     

左主干狭窄的外科治疗

目的 探讨左主干狭窄（ＬＭＳ）≥５０％患者的外科治疗效果。方法 ４２例ＬＭＳ的患者接受了冠状动脉旁路移植术（ＣＡＢＧ）。平均年龄６８．７岁。ＬＭＳ介于５０％￣７５％者１６例,大于７５％者２６例,不稳定型心绞痛２９例。按ＣＣＳＳ标准心绞痛分级,Ⅰ级２例,Ⅱ级５例、Ⅲ级１７例,Ⅳ级１８例。左室射血分数小于５０％者２４例。结果 术前平均住院时间２．３ｄ人均移植血管３．３根,无手术死亡。术后所有患者心绞痛     

PET在肺癌诊断和分期中的应用

本文介绍正电子发射断层显像(PET)在肺癌诊断和分期中的应用概况，肯定了其临床应用价值。并简要叙述我国PET目前现状及今后展望。PET系大型医疗设备，我国未纳入医疗保险，其发展要根据社会经济发展和病人承受能力，合理布局，有限量地增加。作者指出，加强核医学科人员培训与临床各科医师(包括放射科，肿瘤科，胸外科，放射治疗等)的合作是提高PET临床应用和研究水平的关键因素。     

风湿病患者人工膝关节置换术后院内感染的风险因素分析

目的 探讨人工膝关节置换（ＴＫＲ）患者院内感染的风险因素,方法 对１９８８年８月～、１９９８年１０月收治的３６３例５０３个人工关节置拘中不同年龄和原发病种类、不同伴发疾病等情况中医院感染的发生情况进行统计分析。结果 类风湿性关节炎与骨性关节炎患者ＴＫＲ术后院内感染发病率差异无显著性意义（Ｐ〉０．０５）;返修术埂、服用激素者及糖尿病患者的院内感染率明显高于一般ＴＫＲ患者（Ｐ〈０．０１）;双膝ＴＫＲ     

颞叶癫痫的诊断和外科治疗

目的　探讨颞叶癫痫的诊断和治疗方法。　方法　利用EEG和MR对 3 0例颞叶癫痫(TLE)病例的癫痫灶进行定位诊断 ,依据诊断结果对其中 15例实施前颞叶切除术 ,另 15例接受选择性海马杏仁切除术 ,并分析其近期疗效及随访结果。　结果　 3 0例病例中手术疗效满意 18例 ;显著11例 ;良好 1例 ,术后无并发症发生。　结论　MR有助于对TLE的定位诊断 ;手术是治疗顽固性TLE的重要手段 ,对于EEG和MR提示为颞叶内侧癫痫的病例应选用选择性海马杏仁核切除 ,采用经颧弓颞底入路使手术更为安全。     

再结晶退火IF深冲钢板的微观组织特征

对75%冷轧变形量、1mm板厚的IF钢板施以不同温度相同保温时间的退火处理。采用金相组织观察、x射线衍射和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)等实验手段,研究了不同温度退火条件下,IF钢板的显微组织和主织构演变规律及晶界的差取向分布特征。     

甲状腺癌的再手术(附108例分析)

 目的　探讨甲状腺癌的再手术的原因和并发症情况。方法　回顾性总结 10 8例甲状腺癌再手术的的原因和并发症情况。结果　本组接受再次手术 112次 ,并发症发生率 2 2 % ,随访期 2～ 13年 ,5年及 10年生存率分别为 75 .0 % (81/ 10 8)和 37% (4 0 / 10 8)。结论　及时诊断、选择合理的术式是避免甲状腺癌患者再手术的主要措施 ,术中漏诊及快速冷冻切片的误诊亦不容忽视 ,术中保护喉返神经及甲状旁腺的关键是熟悉解剖和仔细操作。     

补血养颜合剂提取工艺的研究

目的 :优选补血养颜合剂有效成份的工艺条件。方法 :用正交试验的方法 ,以干膏率为考核指标 ,优选鹿茸等药材提取工艺条件 ,确定最佳提取工艺参数 ;用正交试验的方法 ,以淫羊藿苷含量为指标成分进行考察影响水煮的药材粒径、煎煮时间和用水量 3因素。结果 :鹿茸等药材最佳提取工艺条件为 :10倍量水提取 3次 ,每次 2.5h。其余药材最佳提取工艺条件为 :药材粒径小于 1cm ,水煮 2次 ,分别为 2.5,1 .5h ,加水量依次为 10倍和8倍。结论 :利用最佳工艺条件能充分有效的提取药材中的有效成份。     

A population-based case-control study of the Arg399Gln polymorphism in DNA repair gene XRCC1 and risk of breast cancer.

XRCC1 (X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1) is a base excision repair protein that plays a central role in the repair of DNA base damage and strand breaks. A common polymorphism (Arg-->Gln) at codon 399 of the XRCC1 gene has been previously linked to functional changes of the gene product and risk of cancers. We evaluated the association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism and breast cancer risk in the population-based Shanghai Breast Cancer Study involving 1088 cancer patients and 1182 community controls. Genomic DNA from peripheral blood was used in genotyping assays, and exposure information and anthropometrics were collected through in-person interview. Plasma estrogen and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were measured for 190 postmenopausal breast cancer patients who had donated a pretreatment blood sample and 407 postmenopausal controls. Conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) adjusting potential confounders. Approximately 27% of controls carried the variant allele (Gln), and cases and controls had a similar distribution for both allele type and genotype of this polymorphism. We found that 7.8% of cases and 6.3% of controls were homozygous for the variant allele, resulting in an OR of 1.20 (95% CI, 0.85-1.69). The OR was slightly higher among younger women [<45 years of age (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.82-2.36)] than older women [> or = 45 years of age (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.68-1.67)], but neither OR was statistically significant. No modifying effect of major breast cancer risk factors, including years of menstruation, body mass index, waist:hip ratio, and blood estrogen levels, was noted. Homozygosity for the variant Gln allele was associated with an elevated risk of postmenopausal breast cancer among subjects with a higher blood level of SHBG (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.16-9.20) and a reduced risk among those with a lower level of SHBG (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.18-1.97). The overall results of the study suggest that Arg399Gln polymorphism of the XRCC1 gene alone may not play a substantial role in the risk of breast cancer among Chinese women.