一个2型糖尿病家系致病基因的定位

目的：探讨2型糖尿病的分子遗传机理，确定2型糖尿病致病基因染色体定位。方法：利用微卫星标记，对所收集到的2型糖尿病家系进行全基因扫描和基因分型，并用LINKAGE和GENEHUNTER等软件包对基因分型结果进行分析，探讨该2型糖尿病家系致病基因可能的染色体定位。结果：发现在2号染色体长臂上存在着连锁，最大Lod值是1．80，非参数连锁Lod值是5．06。结论：该2型糖尿病家系致病基因定位于2号染色体长臂上。     

脑卒中二级预防管理的最佳证据总结

目的 检索并获取脑卒中患者二级预防管理的相关证据,并对最佳证据进行总结。方法 系统检索15个数据库,涉及脑卒中二级预防管理的所有文献,包括指南、专家共识、证据总结、系统评价。检索时限为建库至2022年2月。由２名研究者独立对文献进行质量评价,并对符合标准的文献进行证据提取与总结。结果 共纳入15篇文献,包括指南5篇、专家共识2篇、证据总结2篇、系统评价6篇,最终总结出34条证据。结论 本研究通过总结脑卒中二级预防管理的最佳证据,旨在为临床实践提供循证依据,从而提高医务人员对脑卒中患者二级预防管理的关注度和管理的科学性。     

炎症性肠病疲乏评估量表研究进展与应用

疲乏是炎症性肠病患者最常见的症状之一,对患者的疾病发展和生活质量造成了严重不良影响,然而目前临床对患者疲乏症状的评估和干预还有很多不足,如何选择合适的疲乏评估量表对客观评价和干预疲乏至关重要。现对炎症性肠病患者的疲乏评估量表进行综述,提出当前研究、实践中的不足及建议,旨在为今后开展相关研究以更好推动评估量表开发及疲乏标准化测量和管理提供参考。     

急性有机磷杀虫药中毒中间综合征的临床分析

目的探讨急性有机磷杀虫药中毒中间综合征（intermediate syndrome,IMS）的诊断治疗。方法回顾性分析10例IMS患者临床表现和治疗方法。结果有机磷中毒中间综合征的10例患者均出现不同程度呼吸肌麻痹症,及时建立人工气道及机械通气和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）复能剂应用,治愈8例,死亡2例。结论 IMS应早期识别,建立人工气道与机械通气是抢救成功的重要方法。     

Macrolides: A Canadian Infectious Disease Society position paper

Since the introduction of erythromycin in 1965, no new compounds from the macrolide antimicrobial class were licensed in Canada until the 1990s. Clarithromycin and azithromycin, since their introduction, have become important agents for treating a number of common and uncommon infectious diseases. They have become prime agents in the treatment of respiratory tract infections, and have revolutionized the management of both genital chlamydial infections, by the use of single-dose therapy with azithromycin, and nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, by the use of clarithromycin. The improvement of clarithromycin and azithromycin over the gastrointestinal intolerability of erythromycin has led to supplanting the use of the latter for many primary care physicians. Unfortunately, the use of these agents has also increased the likelihood for misuse and has raised concerns about a resultant increase in the rates of macrolide resistance in many important pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. This paper reviews the pharmacology and evidence for the current indications for use of these newer agents, and provides recommendations for appropriate use.Key Words: Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, Macrolides, Review, Therapeutic useErythromycin A is a naturally occurring, microbiologically active compound of the macrolide class of antibiotics. Chemical modification of erythromycin A''s 14-membered lactone ring has led to the formation of semisynthetic derivatives with not only improved bioavailability and tolerability, but also expanded spectrums of microbiological activity and improved pharmacokinetic profiles. Such modifications produced clarithromycin, classified as a macrolide because it retains the central 14-membered lactone ring (1,2), and azithromycin, classified as an azalide due to its 15-membered aglycone ring (1). The latter two compounds are the newest agents in the macrolide class licensed for use in Canada. Roxithromycin and dirithromycin are available in other countries.These compounds are clinically active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative cocci, and Gram-negative bacilli (primarily Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella species, Moraxella catarrhalis, Campylobacter jejuni, Bordatella pertussis and Helicobacter pylori). Azalides such as azithromycin have exhibited superior activity against Gram-negative pathogens and are generally less active against Gram-positive pathogens. Intracellular pathogens such as Chlamydia species, Mycoplasma species, Ureaplasma species, Borrelia species and nontuberculous mycobacteria species show varying susceptibilities. On the basis of their microbial activity, both the macrolides and azalides have been shown to be clinically useful in the treatment of uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis infection and peptic ulcer disease. Additionally, the improved pharmacokinetic profiles and acid stability exhibited by the newer agents may lead to enhanced patient adherence through less frequent dosing and improved bioavailability in the presence of food.     

开展监护室专科护士临床实践对普通护士核心能力的影响

目的 通过开展监护室专科护士临床实践,比较实践前后监护室普通护士的核心能力得分情况,来了解监护室专科护士临床实践对普通护士核心能力产生的影响。方法 以整群抽样法选择上海中山医院外科监护室60名普通护士为实验组、肝外科监护室60名普通护士为对照组,在外科监护室中开展专科护士临床实践,于实践前后分别对两组进行核心能力测评,比较分析两组在实践前后核心能力的得分情况。结果 实践前,两组核心能力得分在各维度上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实践后,实验组在核心能力各个维度的得分均有提升,且高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 开展监护室专科护士临床实践可以有效提高普通护士的核心能力。     

长链非编码RNA在肝细胞肝癌中的研究进展

肝细胞肝癌(HCC)是肝癌最常见的病理类型,患者病死率高。对HCC发生发展机制的认知局限是其不良预后的重要原因。长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是基因调控的重要组成部分,在不同疾病患者和不同组织中的表达具有特异性。近年来,lncRNA在癌症发生发展中作用的研究逐渐深入,这为HCC早期诊断、病情控制和预后评估提供了新的方法和思路。本文就长链非编码RNA在HCC中的研究进展作一综述。     

血管迷走性晕厥三种反应类型的心率变异分析

目的对倾斜试验(HUT)中三种不同反应类型的血管迷走性晕厥(VVS)患者进行心率变异分析(HRV)，探讨其不同的发病机制。方法54例不明原因晕厥患者倾斜75度进行持续45min的基础倾斜试验(BHUT)或只到发生晕厥，阴性患者于BHUT结束时恢复到平卧位，含服硝酸甘油0．3mg，然后倾斜75度进行持续20min的硝酸甘油诱导的倾斜试验(NTHUT)或只到发生晕厥，试验过程中进行间隔3min的心率变异分析。结果VVS患者中，血管抑制型(VD)和心脏抑制型(CI)均为8例，阳性率为14．8l％；混合型(MX)10例，阳性率为18．52％。倾斜75度后三组VVS患者的LFn值均增大，HFn值均减小；晕厥前3min时三组VVS的LFn值均升至最高，HFn值降至最低；晕厥时三组VVS患者的LFn值与晕厥前3min相比明显下降，但与倾斜前相比无明显差异；CI和MX组的HFn值与晕厥前3min相比明显增高，与倾斜前相比变化不大，VD组的HFn值与晕厥前3min相比无明显差异；未晕厥组在HUT过程中交感神经活性逐渐增大，试验结束时达到最大，迷走神经活性逐渐减小，试验结束时达到最小。结论VVS的发生与自主神经功能障碍有关，不同类型的VVS患者具有不同的神经调节障碍。