Risk of infectious complications in well-appearing children with transient neutropenia

To determine whether well-appearing children found incidentally to be neutropenic are at risk for an infectious complication, 44 consecutive months of hematology laboratory records were reviewed. One hundred nineteen patients had medical record documentation regarding clinical course, serial white blood cell counts, and the absence of serious infections, chronic illnesses, or a family history known to be associated with neutropenia. The median duration of documented neutropenia was 13 days (range, 1 to 491 days). Infectious complications occurred in 4 of the 36 patients who had neutropenia for more than 30 days (2 with stomatitis, 1 with cellulitis, and 1 with pneumonia) but in none with shorter durations of neutropenia. There were no significant associations between the development of an infectious complication and either the initial absolute neutrophil count or the lowest documented absolute neutrophil count, nor was there a correlation between the initial absolute neutrophil count and the duration of neutropenia. These data indicate that infectious complications occur in otherwise well children with unexplained neutropenia that persists, but these infections are infrequent and usually are superficial.     

Usher syndrome: clinical findings and gene localization studies

The issue of genetic heterogeneity is a critical problem in the localization of the gene(s) for Usher syndrome. Based on the data obtained on families studied to date, the differences between type I and type II Usher syndrome appear quite distinct with regard to auditory and vestibular function. Although the majority of families can be confidently diagnosed as typical type I or type II, clinical investigations revealed four families with findings that did not fit into either of the two more common subtypes. These findings emphasize the critical importance of an in-depth clinical analysis concomitant with the linkage investigation to assure accurate subtyping of Usher syndrome. Based on an analysis of only those families with definite type I or type II Usher syndrome, approximately 17% of the genome can be excluded as a potential site of the gene for type I, and 14% can be excluded as the site for the type II gene. This study will continue until the Usher gene(s) is successfully localized.     

The effect of social learning intervention on metabolic control of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in adolescents

This paper reports the results of an experimental study modeled after a study conducted by Kaplan et al. The hypothesis tested was: Adolescents who receive a social learning intervention (SLI) will show greater improvement in metabolic control of their diabetes than will adolescents who receive only traditional diabetes instruction. Thirty-four adolescents between the ages of 12 and 16 who attended a midwestern camp were randomly divided into two groups. Both groups attended a daily 1-hour teaching session about diabetes. Later each day, the experimental group received an SLI consisting of role modeling to help the subjects circumvent peer pressure. To determine metabolic control, HbA1 values were determined before and 3 1/2 months after the intervention. The control group showed no significant difference in HbA1 values, while the experimental group showed a decrease in metabolic control.     

Effects of polymyxin B on selected features of equine carbohydrate overload

Gram negative endotoxins play a contributory role in the syndrome which results from over consumption of carbohydrates by horses and ponies. Since the antibiotic polymyxin B exerts a direct anti-endotoxin effect by chemically modifying the active lipid A moiety of endotoxin, it might be expected to protect horses after carbohydrate overload and provide a new therapeutic and experimental tool for this condition. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of polymyxin B on hemostatic, hemodynamic, acid-base, and clinical aspects of the syndrome resulting from carbohydrate overload. Experimentally-induced carbohydrate overload resulted in lactic acidosis, hypercoagulability, hypovolemic shock and lameness. Although there was a slight delay in the onset of clinical signs resulting from experimental carbohydrate overload in treated animals, polymyxin B administered iv at 2.5 mg/kg every 6 hr failed to significantly ameliorate the coagulopathy, acidosis, lameness and shock induced by alimentary carbohydrate overload.     

Clinical features and outcome in 68 cases of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage without aneurysm repair--a community hospital study

The authors studied the clinical features and outcome at 6 months in 191 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from ruptured aneurysms. Aneurysm repair (AR) was undertaken in 123 cases (64.4%). In the non-AR group (n = 68), 48.5% of the patients were 70 years of age or older, compared with 12.2% in the AR group. The duration from onset to admission was less than 3 hours in 48 non-AR cases (70.6%) and in 42 AR cases (34.1%). Among non-AR patients, 63.2% were Hunt and Hess grade IV or V, whereas the figure for AR patients was only 14.7%. By 6 months after SAH, 94.1% of non-AR patients had died, and the remainder were vegetative or severely disabled. In contrast, only 15.4% in the AR group died, and over 50% showed good recovery. The large majority of non-AR patients were treated conservatively because they were judged to be poor surgical risks and, among these patients, nearly one half were elderly. In the 10 elderly patients considered good surgical candidates, vasospasm was the most common reason (70%) for not performing AR.     

Thoracic disc herniation in acromegaly

Herniation of a thoracic disc in an acromegalic giant is reported. Degenerative changes in the spine in association with dorsal kyphosis, and the additional strain, resulted in the disc prolapse.     

Release of cortical catecholamines by visual stimulation requires activity in thalamocortical afferents of monkey and cat

Catecholamine (CA) release was measured in vivo in the monkey and cat visual cortices electrochemically. Stereate-modified, graphite-paste electrodes were used to monitor changes in norepinephrine and dopamine release. Micromolar changes in CA concentration were obtained by stimulation of the eye with nonspecific (strobe) or specific (oriented bars, radial gratings) stimuli. CA release depended on which eye was illuminated. Electrodes passed tangentially through the striate area recorded release following visual stimulation of one eye or the other in succession, and the shift in eye dominance occurred at about 500 microns intervals. The magnitude of CA release was highly correlated with the ocular dominance of neuronal activity measured with tungsten microelectrodes. Light-stimulated release was not recorded in monkey area V2, V4, or somatosensory area 1, but was recorded in cat V2, suggesting that the presence of LGN afferents is associated with CA release. Results are discussed in terms of the role of geniculate activity and the specific role of CAs in cortical information processing.