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41.
Colorectal carcinoma is one of the commonest solid organ tumors in the world and its prevalence appears to be increasing in Asia. Recently, there has been much interest in various chemotherapeutic agents for the management of this condition, in particular nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). There is a large amount of data that suggest traditional NSAIDs, as well as the new cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 selective inhibitors such as rofecoxib and celecoxib, have a role in the setting of primary and secondary prevention, and adjuvant therapy of both sporadic colorectal carcinoma and familial adenomatous polyposis. This review examines some of this data, as well as the potential problems and limitations of using these agents, particularly in light of the recent withdrawal of rofecoxib. 相似文献
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Lin Zhang Joseph JY Sung Jun Yu Siew C Ng Sunny H Wong Chi H Cho Simon SM Ng Francis KL Chan William KK Wu 《The Journal of pathology》2014,233(2):103-112
Helicobacter pylori and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) account for roughly 80% and 10%, respectively, of gastric carcinomas worldwide. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved and intricately regulated cellular process that involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles into double‐membrane autophagosomes that eventually fuse with lysosomes for degradation of the engulfed content. Emerging evidence indicates that xenophagy, a form of selective autophagy, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of H. pylori‐ and EBV‐induced gastric cancer. Xenophagy specifically recognizes intracellular H. pylori and EBV and physically targets these pathogens to the autophagosomal–lysosomal pathway for degradation. In this connection, H. pylori or EBV‐induced dysregulation of autophagy may be causally linked to gastric tumourigenesis and therefore can be exploited as therapeutic targets. This review will discuss how H. pylori and EBV infection activate autophagy and how these pathogens evade recognition and degradation by the autophagic pathway. Elucidating the molecular aspects of H. pylori‐ and EBV‐induced autophagy will help us better understand the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and promote the development of autophagy modulators as antimicrobial agents. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 相似文献
47.
Maternal insulin sensitivity is associated with oral glucose-induced changes in fetal brain activity
Katarzyna Linder Franziska Schleger Caroline Ketterer Louise Fritsche Isabelle Kiefer-Schmidt Anita Hennige Hans-Ulrich Häring Hubert Preissl Andreas Fritsche 《Diabetologia》2014,57(6):1192-1198
Aims/hypothesis
Fetal programming plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether maternal metabolic changes during OGTT influence fetal brain activity.Methods
Thirteen healthy pregnant women underwent an OGTT (75 g). Insulin sensitivity was determined by glucose and insulin measurements at 0, 60 and 120 min. At each time point, fetal auditory evoked fields were recorded with a fetal magnetoencephalographic device and response latencies were determined.Results
Maternal insulin increased from a fasting level of 67?±?25 pmol/l (mean ± SD) to 918?±?492 pmol/l 60 min after glucose ingestion and glucose levels increased from 4.4?±?0.3 to 7.4?±?1.1 mmol/l. Over the same time period, fetal response latencies decreased from 297?±?99 to 235?±?84 ms (p?=?0.01) and then remained stable until 120 min (235?±?84 vs 251?±?91 ms, p?=?0.39). There was a negative correlation between maternal insulin sensitivity and fetal response latencies 60 min after glucose ingestion (r?=?0.68, p?=?0.02). After a median split of the group based on maternal insulin sensitivity, fetuses of insulin-resistant mothers showed a slower response to auditory stimuli (283?±?79 ms) than those of insulin-sensitive mothers (178?±?46 ms, p?=?0.03).Conclusions/interpretation
Lower maternal insulin sensitivity is associated with slower fetal brain responses. These findings provide the first evidence of a direct effect of maternal metabolism on fetal brain activity and suggest that central insulin resistance may be programmed during fetal development. 相似文献48.
Susanne Jäger Simone Jacobs Janine Kröger Andreas Fritsche Anja Schienkiewitz Diana Rubin Heiner Boeing Matthias B. Schulze 《Diabetologia》2014,57(7):1355-1365
Aims/hypothesis
We aimed to examine the association between breast-feeding and maternal risk of type 2 diabetes and to investigate whether this association is mediated by anthropometric and biochemical factors.Methods
A case–cohort study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam Study between 1994 and 2005 including 1,262 childbearing women (1,059 in a random sub-cohort and 203 incident cases) mainly aged between 35 and 64 years at baseline was applied. Self-reported lifetime duration of breast-feeding was assessed by questionnaire. Blood samples were used for biomarker measurement (HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, C-reactive protein, fetuin-A, γ-glutamyltransferase, adiponectin). A systematic literature search and meta-analysis was conducted of prospective cohort studies investigating breast-feeding and risk of type 2 diabetes.Results
The HR for each additional 6 months of breast-feeding was 0.73 (95% CI 0.56, 0.94) in EPIC-Potsdam. Meta-analysis of three previous prospective studies and the current study revealed an inverse association between breast-feeding duration and risk of diabetes (pooled HR for lifetime breast-feeding duration of 6–11 months compared with no breast-feeding 0.89; 95% CI 0.82, 0.97). Adjustment for BMI and waist circumference attenuated the association (HR per six additional months in EPIC-Potsdam 0.80; 95% CI 0.61, 1.04). Further controlling for potentially mediating biomarkers largely explained this association (HR 0.89; 95% CI 0.68, 1.16).Conclusions/interpretation
Longer duration of breast-feeding may be related to a lower risk of diabetes. This potentially protective effect seems to be reflected by a more favourable metabolic profile; however, the role of body weight as a mediator or confounder remains uncertain. 相似文献49.
Slusarz A Jackson GA Day JK Shenouda NS Bogener JL Browning JD Fritsche KL Macdonald RS Besch-Williford CL Lubahn DB 《Endocrinology》2012,153(9):4160-4170
Previous evidence suggests soy genistein may be protective against prostate cancer, but whether this protection involves an estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent mechanism is unknown. To test the hypothesis that phytoestrogens may act through ERα or ERβ to play a protective role against prostate cancer, we bred transgenic mice lacking functional ERα or ERβ with transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice. Dietary genistein reduced the incidence of cancer in ER wild-type (WT)/transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate mice but not in ERα knockout (KO) or ERβKO mice. Cancer incidence was 70% in ERWT mice fed the control diet compared with 47% in ERWT mice fed low-dose genistein (300 mg/kg) and 32% on the high-dose genistein (750 mg/kg). Surprisingly, genistein only affected the well differentiated carcinoma (WDC) incidence but had no effect on poorly differentiated carcinoma (PDC). No dietary effects have been observed in either of the ERKO animals. We observed a very strong genotypic influence on PDC incidence, a protective effect in ERαKO (only 5% developed PDC), compared with 19% in the ERWT, and an increase in the incidence of PDC in ERβKO mice to 41%. Interestingly, immunohistochemical analysis showed ERα expression changing from nonnuclear in WDC to nuclear in PDC, with little change in ERβ location or expression. In conclusion, genistein is able to inhibit WDC in the presence of both ERs, but the effect of estrogen signaling on PDC is dominant over any dietary treatment, suggesting that improved differential targeting of ERα vs. ERβ would result in prevention of advanced prostate cancer. 相似文献
50.
Schulze MB Thorand B Fritsche A Häring HU Schick F Zierer A Rathmann W Kröger J Peters A Boeing H Stefan N 《Diabetologia》2012,55(6):1660-1667