基于专利分析看肝脏组织工程领域的竞争态势

文题释义：肝脏组织工程：肝脏组织工程基于组织工程概念,应用生命科学与工程学的原理与技术,利用分离的肝细胞复合特定的支架材料,制造出完整的、可植入、且具有更全面功能、可用于临床肝移植的器官。 专利分析：对专利说明书、专利公报中大量零碎的专利信息进行分析、加工、组合, 并利用统计学方法和技巧使这些信息转化为具有总揽全局及预测功能的竞争情报, 从而为技术、产品及服务开发中的决策提供参考。背景：中国是肝病高发国家,肝脏组织工程为治疗带来了新的希望,但目前此技术仍处于探索阶段。 目的：对肝脏组织工程领域的专利进行分析,揭示全球技术竞争态势,为中国肝脏组织工程的发展与创新提供借鉴和参考。 方法：对近20年肝脏组织工程领域的专利数量与发展趋势、技术发源地、目标市场、申请机构、发明人和技术分布等进行分析,全文检索关键词包括组织工程(tissue engineering)、组织修复或组织再生 (tissue regenerate/repair)和肝(hepatic/liver)等。检索截止时间为2018年12月28日。结果与结论：①全球肝脏组织工程领域发展速度较快,近10年复合增长率8.64%,其中发明专利占84.93%。②中国是全球肝脏组织工程最主要的技术发源地。但三方专利数量远不及美国和日本。③中国和美国是肝脏组织工程领域的最受关注的两大目标市场,但申请人多集中于本国,国际授权数量较少。④在专利权人和发明人排名中,中国分别有8家机构和14位申请人跻身全球前20。⑤结果证实,从专利分析结果来看,中国肝脏组织工程技术发展迅猛,跻身国际前列,但缺乏核心技术,各研发主体还应不断提升创新能力,挖掘高价值技术,从而提高国际竞争力。 ORCID: 0000-0002-8864-5449(王婷婷) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

A compact microfluidic system for cell migration studies

Microfluidic systems can better control cellular microenvironments and therefore are increasingly used for cell migration research. However, most existing systems are impractical to use without specialized facilities and researchers. Toward removing this barrier, we developed a compact USB microscope-based Microfluidic Chemotaxis Analysis System (UMCAS). This system integrates microfluidic devices, live cell imaging, environmental control and data analysis to provide a solution for rapid microfluidic cell migration and chemotaxis experiments with real-time result reporting. This developed system was successfully validated by testing neutrophil chemotaxis.     

Resistive switching behavior in α-In2Se3 nanoflakes modulated by ferroelectric polarization and interface defects

Resistive switching devices based on ferroelectric two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) nanomaterials may display simple structures, high density, high speed, and low power consumption, and can be used in flexible electronics and highly integrated devices. However, only a few studies about the in-plane (IP) resistive switching behavior of ferroelectric 2D vdW nanomaterials have been reported because it is very hard to achieve asymmetric barriers only by tuning the IP polarization directions when the electrodes of the planar device are all of the same type. In the current work, we developed a planar device based on an α-In₂Se₃ nanoflake, in which the IP/OOP (out-of-plane) polarization, free carriers and oxygen vacancies in SiO₂ contribute to the resistive switching behavior of the device. This behavior of the device was shown to be affected by exposure to light, and the photoelectric performance was also investigated when the device was in the OFF state. The demonstration of this planar resistive switching device may promote the further development of resistive devices based on 2D vdW nanomaterials, and provide great inspiration for the development of new kinds of transistors.

A planar device based on an α-In₂Se₃ nanoflake, in which the in-plane/out-of-plane polarization, free carriers and oxygen vacancies in SiO₂ contribute to the resistive switching behavior of the device.     

Protective effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on nephrotoxicity induced by cyclosporine A in rats

Objective: This study aims to explore the protective effect mechanism of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on nephrotoxicity of cyclosporin A in vivo. Method: Renal toxicity of SD rats model induced by CsA was established. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urine NAG, GSH and MDA were determined and the histopathological changes of rat renal cortex were observed to explore the protective effects of 2-DG on CsA-induced nephrotoxicity. Results: Serum creatinine, BUN and urinary NAG of rats were significantly changed in experimental groups. Pathological results showed that there was obvious renal tubular injury in model group, however, the renal injury was significantly reduced in pre-treated with 2-DG. Conclusions: 2-DG had obvious protective effect on nephrotoxicity especially with high dose. This protective effect could be related to the reduction of ROS induced by CsA. However, 2-DG had no effect on the expression of RIP3.     

Bone marrow transplantation reverses new-onset immunoinflammatory diabetes in a mouse model

Bone marrow transplantation might be an effective method to cure type 1 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate whether bone marrow transplantation could reverse hyperglycemia in diabetic mice and whether high-dose total body irradiation followed by high-dose bone marrow mononuclear cell infusion could improve the efficiency of bone marrow transplantation in treating diabetic mice. Diabetic mice after multiple low doses of streptozotocin injection were irradiated followed by infusion with approximately 1×10⁷ bone marrow mononuclear cells intravenously. Before and after bone marrow transplantation, fasting blood glucose, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, serum insulin, pancreatic histology, and the examination of insulin and glucagon in islets were processed. All recipients returned to near euglycemic within 1 week after undergoing bone marrow transplantation. No mice became hyperglycemia again during investigation period. The change of serum insulin, glucose tolerance test, pancreatic histology and the expression of insulin and glucagon in recipient islets after bone marrow transplantation all revealed islets regeneration and significant amelioration when compared respectively with those of diabetic mice without bone marrow transplantation. Bone marrow transplantation contributed to reduce blood glucose, prevent further blood glucose hike in diabetic recipients, and promote islets regeneration. High-dose total body irradiation in combination with high-dose bone marrow monoclear cell infusion could improve the efficiency of bone marrow transplantation in treating streptozotocin-induced diabetes.     

Porcine TRIM21 Enhances Porcine Circovirus 2 Infection and Host Immune Responses,But Inhibits Apoptosis of PCV2-Infected Cells

Tripartite motif protein 21 (TRIM21) is an interferon-inducible E3 ligase, containing one RING finger domain, one B-box motif, one coiled-coil domain at the N-terminal, as well as one PRY domain and one SPRY domain at the C-terminal. TRIM21 is expressed in many tissues and plays an important role in systemic autoimmunity. However, TRIM21 plays different roles in different virus infections. In this study, we evaluate the relationship between porcine TRIM21 and PCV2 infection as well as host immune responses. We found that PCV2 infection modulated the expression of porcine TRIM21. TRIM21 can enhance interferons and proinflammatory factors and decrease cellular apoptosis in PCV2-infected cells. These results indicate that porcine TRIM21 plays a critical role in enhancing PCV2 infection, which is a promising target for controlling and developing the treatment of PCV2 infection.     

异丙酚靶控输注镇静时脑电双频指数和非线性参数变化分析

目的分析异丙酚靶控输注(TCI)时意识消失-清醒时的脑电双频指数(BIS)和非线性参数关联维数(D2)、近似熵(ApEn)、复杂度(Cx)的变化。方法ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期行下肢手术患者20例,血药浓度(Cp)为目标TCI,0.3～0.5μg/ml浓度梯度上下调整Cp予术中镇静,直至患者意识消失,每个预期浓度维持12min,记录患者意识清醒-消失时的脑电BIS值和非线性参数。结果意识消失-清醒时,BIS值分别为67.3±7.9,80.2±6.2;D2值分别为3.01±0.16,3.45±0.18;ApEn值分别为0.71±0.060.84±0.05;Cx值分别为0.44±0.05,0.55±0.05。在意识消失时的脑电确定性阈值(定义为100%特异度)BIS为51(灵敏度3.8%)D2为2.90(灵敏度30.3%),ApEn为0.69(灵敏度42.3%),Cx为0.41(灵敏度25.5%)。结论BIS、D2、ApEn及Cx均可反映异丙酚镇静时意识消失清醒的变化,提示四个值中ApEn是区分意识清醒-消失的最佳指标。     

Comparison of survival outcomes of neoadjuvant therapy and direct surgery in IB2/IIA2 cervical adenocarcinoma: a retrospective study

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics - This retrospective study compared the efficacy and survival of patients with cervical adenocarcinoma (IB2/IIA2; FIGO2009) treated with neoadjuvant...