首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   82781篇
  免费   8582篇
  国内免费   6102篇
耳鼻咽喉   626篇
儿科学   938篇
妇产科学   644篇
基础医学   8382篇
口腔科学   1416篇
临床医学   10572篇
内科学   10666篇
皮肤病学   649篇
神经病学   3974篇
特种医学   3356篇
外国民族医学   40篇
外科学   8633篇
综合类   17467篇
现状与发展   20篇
一般理论   17篇
预防医学   6666篇
眼科学   1752篇
药学   9337篇
  111篇
中国医学   5822篇
肿瘤学   6377篇
  2024年   256篇
  2023年   1186篇
  2022年   2659篇
  2021年   4194篇
  2020年   3389篇
  2019年   2574篇
  2018年   2756篇
  2017年   2721篇
  2016年   2417篇
  2015年   3954篇
  2014年   4923篇
  2013年   4883篇
  2012年   7162篇
  2011年   7911篇
  2010年   5612篇
  2009年   4714篇
  2008年   5150篇
  2007年   5048篇
  2006年   4685篇
  2005年   4220篇
  2004年   2945篇
  2003年   2633篇
  2002年   2219篇
  2001年   1718篇
  2000年   1524篇
  1999年   1182篇
  1998年   797篇
  1997年   761篇
  1996年   588篇
  1995年   526篇
  1994年   390篇
  1993年   288篇
  1992年   241篇
  1991年   197篇
  1990年   190篇
  1989年   184篇
  1988年   137篇
  1987年   124篇
  1986年   98篇
  1985年   95篇
  1984年   48篇
  1983年   33篇
  1982年   28篇
  1981年   24篇
  1980年   15篇
  1979年   17篇
  1978年   7篇
  1973年   5篇
  1972年   7篇
  1971年   4篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
41.
Objective: To study the biomechanical mechanism of head injuries beaten with sticks, which is common in the battery or assaultive cases. Methods: In this study, the Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device and finite element model (FEM) of the total human model for safety (THUMS) head were used to determine the biomechanical response of head while being beaten with different sticks. Total eight Hybrid-III tests and four finite element simulations were conducted. The contact force, resultant acceleration of head center of gravity, intracranial pressure and von Mises stress were calculated to determine the different biomechanical behavior of head with beaten by different sticks. Results: In Hybrid-III tests, the stick in each group demonstrated the similar kinematic behavior under the same loading condition. The peak values of the resultant acceleration for thick iron stick group, thin iron stick group, thick wooden stick group and thin wooden stick group were 203.4 g, 221.1 g, 170.5 g and 122.2 g respectively. In finite element simulations, positive intracranial pressure was initially observed in the frontal comparing with negative intracranial pressure in the contra-coup site. Subsequently the intracranial pressure in the coup site was decreasing toward negative value while the contra-coup intracranial pressure increasing toward positive values. Conclusions: The results illustrated that the stiffer and larger the stick was, the higher the von Mises stress, contact force and intracranial pressure were. We believed that the results in the Hybrid-III tests and THUMS head simulations for brain injury beaten with sticks could be reliable and useful for better understanding the injury mechanism.  相似文献   
42.
Background: The key factors of inducing drug cravings in persons abstaining from drug use remain a focus of addictions research. Given the accumulating evidences, the scope of cues investigated in the cue-reactivity paradigm has increased considerably. Yet, few studies have examined the effects of the intensity and endurance of different types of cues on their ability to induce craving. This study investigated differences among drug-cue words, negative physiological-cue words, and negative social-cue words in the induction of drug cravings among persons abstaining from heroin.

Methods: The sample consisted of 149 male abstinent heroin abusers from four addiction rehabilitation centers in China. Based on their abstinence lengths, they were labeled as short-term, medium-term, and long-term abstainer participants respectively. All participants completed a stress-imagery task and rated craving by visual analog scale.

Results: There was a significant interaction of cue type and abstinence length. There was no difference on the craving induced by three types of cue words in the short-term group. In the medium-term group, craving induced by negative social-cue words was significantly stronger than that by negative physiological-cue words, but not that by drug-cue words. In the long-term group, the craving induced by negative social-cue words remained the strongest, significantly stronger than that by both drug-cue words and negative physiological-cue words.

Conclusion: Negative social-cue words presented in the current study retain the ability to induce craving in heroin abstainers; this finding suggests that negative social cues encountered under more general circumstances could be a risk factor for relapse.  相似文献   

43.
肿瘤的转移前微环境(pre-metastatic niche,PMN)特指原发肿瘤灶为肿瘤细胞远处播散和定植准备的微环境,此微环境的六个特征包括炎症、免疫抑制、血管生成/血管通透性、亲器官性、重编程和淋巴管生成。PMN形成的关键成分包括肿瘤源性分泌因子、细胞外囊泡(含外泌体)、骨髓源性细胞、免疫抑制细胞和宿主基质细胞等,其中,外泌体作为细胞间重要的信使,在肿瘤PMN的形成中具有重要作用。本综述就外泌体在肿瘤PMN形成中的作用进行探讨。  相似文献   
44.
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent novel cell death pathway. Deferoxamine, a ferroptosis inhibitor, has been reported to promote spinal cord injury repair. It has yet to be clarified whether ferroptosis inhibition represents the mechanism of action of Deferoxamine on spinal cord injury recovery. A rat model of Deferoxamine at thoracic 10 segment was established using a modified Allen's method. Ninety 8-week-old female Wistar rats were used. Rats in the Deferoxamine group were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg Deferoxamine 30 minutes before injury. Simultaneously, the Sham and Deferoxamine groups served as controls. Drug administration was conducted for 7 consecutive days. The results were as follows:(1) Electron microscopy revealed shrunken mitochondria in the spinal cord injury group.(2) The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor rating score showed that recovery of the hindlimb was remarkably better in the Deferoxamine group than in the spinal cord injury group.(3) The iron concentration was lower in the Deferoxamine group than in the spinal cord injury group after injury.(4) Western blot assay revealed that, compared with the spinal cord injury group, GPX4, xCT, and glutathione expression was markedly increased in the Deferoxamine group.(5) Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that, compared with the Deferoxamine group, mRNA levels of ferroptosis-related genes Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 2(ACSF2) and iron-responsive element-binding protein 2(IREB2) were up-regulated in the Deferoxamine group.(6) Deferoxamine increased survival of neurons and inhibited gliosis. These findings confirm that Deferoxamine can repair spinal cord injury by inhibiting ferroptosis. Targeting ferroptosis is therefore a promising therapeutic approach for spinal cord injury.  相似文献   
45.
46.
47.
医学生的责任心体现在其一定行为表现上,是医学生职业精神培养的重要内涵,因此对影响医学生责任心的负向行为进行一定的干预具有重要意义。分析国内外医学院校应用责任指数考核在医学生行为督导养成的评价研究,遵循我国口腔医学专业人才培养的规律,结合口腔医学生成长的特点,借鉴职业精神考核的相关指标——责任指数考核法,试设计口腔医学生行为责任指数测评方案,并预设可行性,为拓宽口腔医学生职业精神的培养提供思路。  相似文献   
48.
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a chronic degenerative disease for which the underlying mechanism still remains unclear. Compared with apoptosis and autophagy, necroptosis causes greater harm to tissue homeostasis by releasing damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). However, the role of necroptosis and downstream key DAMPs in TMJOA is unknown. Here, rodent models of TMJOA were established by the unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunohistochemistry of receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)/phosphorylation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (pMLKL) were conducted to evaluate the occurrence of necroptosis in vivo. The therapeutic effects of blocking necroptosis were achieved by intra-articularly injecting RIPK3 or MLKL inhibitors and using RIPK3 or MLKL knockout mice. In vitro necroptosis of condylar chondrocyte was induced by combination of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetics and carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]- fluoromethylketone (z-VAD-fmk). The possible DAMPs released by necroptotic chondrocytes were screened by quantitative proteomics and blocked by specific antibody. Translucent cytosol, swollen organelles, and ruptured cell membranes, features of necroptosis, were frequently manifested in chondrocytes at the early stage of condylar cartilage degeneration in TMJOA, which was accompanied by upregulation of RIPK3/pMLKL. Inhibiting or knocking out RIPK3/MLKL significantly prevented cartilage degeneration. DAMPs released by necroptotic condylar chondrocytes, such as syndecan 4 (SDC4) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), were verified. Furthermore, blocking the function of SDC4 significantly attenuated the expression of TNFα in cartilage and synovium, and accordingly increased cartilage thickness and reduced synovial inflammation. Thus, the necroptotic vicious cycle of TNFα-SDC4-TNFα contributes to cartilage degeneration and synovitis, and can serve as a potential therapeutic target for treating TMJOA. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).  相似文献   
49.
50.
目的:统计分析中国县级及以上医疗机构青光眼亚专科建设、诊疗设备配备和服务提供情况,为进 一步推动我国青光眼防治工作提供理论依据。方法:调查研究。2015年对全国提供眼科服务的县级 及以上医疗机构通过网上填报的方式进行普查,采用描述性统计方法,对我国县级及以上医疗机构 青光眼亚专科建设、诊疗设备配备和服务提供情况进行系统整理和统计分析。结果:本次调查覆盖 全国6 341家县级及以上医疗机构,其中设立青光眼亚专科的医疗机构有672家(10.60%)。在青光眼 检查和治疗相关设备中,视力表配置率最高(99.30%),平均每家医疗机构配置3.28台;超声生物显 微镜配置率最低(11.50%),平均每家医疗机构配置0.13台。眼压测量、白内障手术和小梁切开术是 青光眼主要的诊疗服务类型。结论:我国县级及以上医疗机构青光眼亚专科建设亟待加强,诊疗设 备配备不全,诊疗服务能力需要全面提升。  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号