Lifelong treatment with gammaglobulin for primary antibody deficiencies: the patients' experiences of subcutaneous self-infusions and home therapy

Primary antibody deficiencies are chronic conditions and the patients usually need lifelong replacement therapy with gammaglobulin to prevent or reduce infections It has been shown that the gammaglobulm can be given safely as subcutaneous infusions, instead of intramuscular injections or intravenous infusions The major aim of this multi-centre study was to investigate the perceptions of the subcutaneous method among patients using it, both in hospital settings and as self-infusions at home The study included 152 patients 89 women, 63 men, mean age 44 years (range 18-76) Data were collected by using questionnaires The patients were found to have a strongly positive attitude towards receiving the replacement therapy as subcutaneous infusions, perceived the method as effective in preventing infections and wished to retain the treatment However, the younger patients found the subcutaneous infusions more uncomfortable and were less determined to continue with the therapy as compared with the older individuals The responsibility for self-infusions at home was accepted by the patients, leading to an increased independence from the health care personnel and to a feeling of flexibility and freedom As these patients have a chronic disease and are in need of lifelong treatment, it is important to discuss the development of structured education and training programmes in which special emphasis is placed on the support of the younger patients It is suggested that Orem's nursing model of self-care may serve as a conceptual framework for nurses working in this specific area of nursing care     

Effects of nerve growth factor on brain glutathione-related enzymes from aged rats

Summary— Neurotrophins, like the nerve growth factor (NGF), trigger a variety of biological effects in their targets. Stimulating effects on antioxidant defenses have been postulated to underlie neurotrophic influence on neuron survival and maintenance. To test whether NGF is capable of inducing changes in glutathione-related enzymes in the aged cognitively impaired brain, glutathione reductase (GRD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and total glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities were measured in the striatum, septum, hippocampus and frontal cortex of four Sprague-Dawley rat groups: young (2 months old), aged (20 months old) untreated, aged cytochrome c-treated, and aged NGF-treated (icv delivery, 34 4mUg during 28 days). All the aged rats utilized in the study were memory impaired according to their performance in the Morris water maze test. These aged rats showed increases in the activities of septal and hippocampal GST, as well as, in the hippocampal, striatal and cortical GPX. These increases could be interpreted as compensatory responses to cope with the oxidative damage that has been accumulated by the aged brain. The increases in hippocampal and cortical GPX activity were attenuated by NGF treatment, whereas the neurotrophin induced an increase in GRD activity in the striatum of aged rats. These results point out GRD and GPX as possible targets of the neurotrophic effects.     

药用矿物蒙脱石的X-射线定向衍射分析

目的：揭示蒙脱石层状晶体结构及层间吸附和膨胀性能，为其作为药物和药剂辅料提供科学依据。方法：将样品提纯，获得粒径小于1μm的胶体，制成取向样品，进行X－射线定向衍射分析。结果：得到了有关蒙脱石层间域在不同条件下的变化规律。结论：蒙脱石的层间吸附是可能的，而且定向衍射方法可以定量测定其层间距离。     

Hospital admissions related to influenza in France during the 2006/2007 epidemic

BackgroundThe data available on hospital admissions related to influenza mostly concern in-patients admitted via the emergency department. Severe cases have been collated by intensive care practitioners since 2009. For this survey, we searched French hospital admission databases to estimate the prevalence rate of hospital admissions related to influenza and to record qualitative data.MethodAll case studies identified between October 2006 and September 2007 were split into two groups: the first displaying symptoms of clinical influenza and the second suffering from influenza as an associated diagnosis.ResultsWe collected 6797 hospital admissions, 2126 of which were closely related to clinical influenza. Fifty percent of cases concerned the elderly and young people. Fifty-six hospital deaths were recorded in which influenza was the underlying cause in 21% of the cases (12). When influenza was an associated diagnosis (44/56), cardiovascular or respiratory diseases were the main causes (26/44).ConclusionDuring the same period (2006–2007), the French Sentinel Surveillance identified only 105 hospital admissions related to influenza. Our survey was therefore more exhaustive and was able to record qualitative data. Inclusion of hospital admissions with an associated diagnosis of influenza is debatable because this decreases specificity. The relationship between the principal diagnosis and all the associated diagnoses is difficult to study, although exclusion of this type of hospitalization could significantly underestimate these figures. Despite certain limitations, French hospital admissions databases should complement French Sentinel Surveillance data.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与高脂血症关系长期随访研究

目的随访阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)与高脂血症的关系。方法对1868人进行前瞻性随访,通过家访式调查,随访期间每年进行1次体检,检查血压、血脂、血糖、心电图及X线胸片等,随访时间为20年。结果确诊OSAS者598/1868(32.0%),男496例(82.9%),女102例(17.1%);无OSAS者(对照组)1270/1868(68.0%)。随访终点OSAS组高脂血症529例,对照组396例(P<0.01)。结论 OSAS患者发生高脂血症可能性较一般人群高,考虑OSAS与高脂血症发生存在相关性。提示OSAS可能是高脂血症的独立危险因素。引起高脂血症的机制可能与OSAS导致食欲增加、活动减少、肥胖等有关。     

金属硫蛋白和肿瘤增殖抗原在肾癌组织中的表达及意义

目的　探讨金属硫蛋白 (MT)和肿瘤增殖抗原 (Ki 67)在肾癌组织中的表达及意义。　方法　应用免疫组化SABC法检测 5 9例肾癌患者组织标本及 19例正常肾组织标本中MT及Ki 67蛋白表达 ,流式细胞术检测DNA含量及S期比例。　结果　MT在肾癌及正常肾组织中的阳性表达率分别为 5 2 .5 %和 78.9% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;G1表达率高于G2 、G3(P <0 .0 1) ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ期高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,有无淋巴结转移之间差别有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ,不同直径肿瘤之间差别无显著性意义 (P>0 .0 5 )。MT( )及MT( - )患者术后 5年生存率分别为 5 8.1%和 2 8.6% (P <0 .0 5 )。肾癌组织Ki 67指数高于正常肾组织 (P <0 .0 1) ,且与病理分级、临床分期相关 ;Ki 67指数较高者 ,MT表达率较低 ,MT表达率及Ki 67指数分别与S期比例显著相关。　结论　MT及Ki 67蛋白可能参与肾癌的发生、进展及转移过程 ,可作为肾癌细胞增殖及预后估计的参考指标。