含氯消毒液氧化还原电位与杀菌效果关系的研究

目的研究一种含氯消毒粉水溶液氧化还原电位变化与其杀菌效果的关系。方法以悬液定量杀菌试验方法对该消毒液不同氧化还原电位条件下杀菌效果进行了观察。结果以含有效氯50 mg/L不变的条件下,该消毒液的氧化还原电位分别为700、800、900、980 mV,对悬液内大肠杆菌作用5 min,杀灭对数值分别为2.45、2.83、6.75和6.75;对金黄色葡萄球菌作用5 min,杀灭对数值分别为2.22、3.11、6.41和6.41。以含有效氯300 mg/L,氧化还原电位分别为900、980、1050 mV,对枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢作用30 min,杀灭对数值分别为0.79、2.91和6.23。结论提高含氯消毒剂的氧化还原电位值,可明显提高其杀菌能力。     

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目的    了解高海拔地区藏族牧民口腔健康情况,探讨口腔疾病发病情况和规律,为采取防治措施和改善口腔医疗服务提供依据。方法    2008年10月选择西藏羊易村成年人为调查对象,共439人接受调查,其中男206人,女233人。按照年龄分为：18～24岁组（120人）、>24～34岁组（108人）、>34～44岁组（96人）、>44岁组（115人）;每个年龄组内按性别再分组。以世界卫生组织1997年口腔健康调查基本方法为标准,调查成年牧民龋齿、牙周疾病、第三磨牙萌出及口腔其他疾病患病情况,并对结果进行分析。结果    羊易村成人龋患率、龋均、平均缺牙数分别为74.94%、5.74、3.57。18～24岁和>24～34岁组女性龋均显著高于男性,且差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。各年龄组内男女间人均缺牙数、龋患率、有28颗牙人数、牙结石检出率、牙周炎发生率差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;而从总体统计,女性缺牙数、龋患率、牙周炎发生率高于男性（P < 0.05）,有28颗牙人数低于男性（P < 0.05）,男性>24～34岁组牙龈炎发生率显著高于同龄女性（P < 0.05）。>24～34岁组中女性第三磨牙萌出率高于男性（P < 0.05）,而在>44岁组中男性高于女性（P < 0.05）。在>24～34岁组、>44岁组和全体样本总计中女性萌出的第三磨牙龋齿发生率均高于男性（P < 0.05）。439名被调查者中有22人有不良固定义齿修复;38人有上颌侧切牙装饰性义齿修复。龋齿充填率为0。结论    高海拔地区缺氧环境和饮食习惯对口腔发育和疾病有一定影响。西藏牧民口腔健康状况较差,需要改善牧区口腔医疗条件,建立口腔防治体系。     

Evaluation of a university hospital unit specialising in treating adults at risk of suicide

In France, suicide prevention has been a public health priority since 1992. Half of all suicide attempts are repeated attempts made by people who have already tried to commit suicide, and the risk of death increases by 1% after the first attempt. Today, hospitalisation has become an unavoidable consequence for those who have attempted suicide, and recommendations for best practice were recently issued in France (1998). The objective of this study was two-fold: 1) to assess the quality of management and care provided for patients hospitalised in a university hospital in Angers after having attempted suicide, an evaluation that was based in part on the criteria of the National Agency on Health Accreditation and Evaluation (ANAES); and 2) the demonstrate the value and high utility of such a unit specialising in caring for patients recovering from attempted suicide. The unit has now been in existence for over 5 years, and has treated 42% of such patients who require hospitalisation. One investigator was responsible for asking 251 patients (on the day of their release) who had been hospitalised anytime during the given 6 month period (November 2002 - May 2003) to complete a questionnaire containing approximately 100 items. In order to be eligible for the study, patients had to be older than 16 years and hospitalised for at least 48 hours. 155 questionnaires were completed (62%), and there were 96 patients were notable to participate on the day of their release. Nine of the 14 criteria recommended by the ANAES were met in over 65% of the cases, and three in less than 40%. Following the analysis of the data through logic regression, it remained clear that unit specialising in the care of people who have attempted suicide was better able and equipped to meet the standards of the ANAES' recommendations than a standard hospital medical unit. Visits with a psychiatrist or psychiatric nurse occurred more frequently in the specialised unit (p < 0.04), interviews with the patients' family members were more frequent (p < 0.01), the confidentiality of the discussions from the interviews was more often respected and maintained (p < 0001), and the information provided by the caregivers and staff was more effective in the specialised unit (p < 0.03). One of the main benefits and results of these aforementioned differences is that the patients in the suicide unit more often perceived a distinct improvement in their depression (p < 0.007). All of these arguments indicate that hospitalisation in a special unit provides real benefits to patients, and the results of this study advocate strongly in favour of increasing the capacity of the unit, which is currently limited to only 6 beds.     

经导管支气管动脉栓塞术治疗肺部基础病变合并新型冠状病毒肺炎诱发咯血

目的 观察经导管支气管动脉栓塞术(BAE)治疗肺部基础病变合并新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)诱发咯血的价值。方法 纳入18例接受经导管BAE的肺部基础病变合并COVID-19咯血患者,观察其临床特征,根据临床转归分为治愈、显效、有效、无效及复发,评估BAE疗效。结果 首次BAE后治愈6例(6/18,33.33%)、显效3例(3/18,16.67%)、有效3例(3/18,16.67%),无效1例(1/18,5.56%)、复发5例(5/18,27.78%);5例复发者经二次BAE后均治愈。未见脊髓损伤及异位栓塞等严重并发症。结论 BAE治疗肺部基础病变合并COVID-19诱发咯血疗效确切,但短期内复发率较高。     

子宫颈腺癌石蜡包埋组织中人类乳头状瘤病毒型别分布及其与患者年龄的关系

 【摘要】　目的　探讨子宫颈腺癌中人类乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）的分布情况及HPV感染与患者年龄的关系。方法　采用描述流行病学研究设计,纳入32例来自一项多中心临床研究的经病理确诊的子宫颈腺癌患者的标本。采用三明治技术进行石蜡包埋组织的切片,SPF10-PCR技术进行DNA扩增,使用反向杂交线型探针检测技术（LiPA）进行HPV分型;对所有切片进行病理阅片和诊断,分析确诊为子宫颈腺癌标本的HPV分布情况,并行统计学分析。结果　32例腺癌患者中,HPV阳性率为53.1 %（17／32）。HPV-18为最主要HPV型别,占HPV阳性患者的47.4 %（8／17）,其次为HPV-16,占HPV阳性患者的26.3 %（5／17）。检测到的其他型别为HPV-39、HPV-45和HPV-66;多重感染者1例（HPV-18和HPV-66）。HPV-16与HPV-18相比,其阳性的腺癌患者平均年龄分别为48.6和40.6岁,差异有统计学意义（P＝0.048）。采用<50岁以及≥50岁作为年龄分组,HPV任意型别阳性率在两个年龄组中的差异无统计学意义（P＝0.074）。HPV-18在两个年龄组的腺癌患者和HPV阳性腺癌患者中的分布均差异有统计学意义（P＝0.003、P＝0.029）。HPV-16在两个年龄组腺癌患者中和在HPV阳性的腺癌患者中的分布差异无统计学意义（P＝1、P＝0.6）。HPV-16和（或）HPV-18感染在两个年龄组HPV阳性腺癌患者中的阳性率差异无统计学意义（P＝0.052）,但在全部腺癌患者两个年龄组中阳性率差异有统计学意义（P＝0.005）。结论　HPV-18和HPV-16是子宫颈腺癌中最主要分布的两种HPV型别。HPV阳性尤其HPV-18阳性在年轻的腺癌患者中更为常见。HPV-16阳性较HPV-18阳性在年龄较大的妇女中更为常见。     

治疗痛风和高尿酸血症药物的研究进展

随着痛风和高尿酸血症发病率的逐年攀升,临床常用治疗药物（别嘌醇、苯溴马隆、非布司他等）市场销售额也逐年递增,但这些药物均存在明显的副作用,国内外药企已将研发重点放在更安全、更高效的新型降尿酸药物尿酸盐重吸收转运子1（URAT1）抑制剂领域,已上市的雷西那德在近几年备受关注,而在研新药SHR4640、SIM1909-13已处于临床试验阶段,同时用中医药治疗高尿酸血症和痛风也是未来的研究方向。对治疗痛风及高尿酸血症的药物研究进展进行综述,以期为临床用药和新药研发提供参考。     

青藏高原鼠疫耶尔森菌基因型分布

目的研究青藏高原鼠疫耶尔森菌（鼠疫菌）基因组型分布特征.方法对分离到的青藏高原鼠疫菌297株,根据已经证实的22个差异区段设计引物,每株鼠疫菌的每个基因差异区段都采用PCR技术进行验证.结果在喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地中,鼠疫菌基因组型有9种,分别为1、5、6、7、8、10、11、新基因组型和Ype-ancestor型,其中以5、8和10型为主,3种基因组型合计所占比例为80.6%（204/253）,而且不同地区鼠疫菌基因组型的分布也不一致.青藏高原青海田鼠鼠疫疫源地鼠疫菌基因组型全部为14型.结论青藏高原鼠疫菌基因组型分布具有明显的地理特征.根据基因组型的分布状况推测出了鼠疫菌在青藏高原的传播路径.     

Our Postpandemic World: What Will It Take to Build a Better Future for People and Planet?

Policy Points

• Despite the pandemic''s ongoing devastating impacts, it also offers the opportunity and lessons for building a better, fairer, and sustainable world.
• Transformational change will require new ways of working, challenging powerful individuals and industries who worsened the crisis, will act to exploit it for personal gain, and will work to ensure that the future aligns with their interests.
• A flourishing world needs strong and equitable structures and systems, including strengthened democratic, research, and educational institutions, supported by ideas and discourses that are free of opaque and conflicted influence and that challenge the status quo and inequitable distribution of power.

     

转录因子FoxO3a在小鼠牙胚发育过程中的表达

目的：通过观察转录因子FoxO3a在小鼠牙胚发育中的表达特点及分布情况,探讨其在小鼠牙胚发育过程中的作用。方法取出生0 d和3 d的昆明小鼠各3只,处死解剖下颌骨,放于新鲜配置的10％中性甲醛溶液中固定过夜,制备小鼠牙胚0d和3d的组织标本,常规石蜡包埋,近远中向5μm连续切片,采用免疫组化方法观察检测FoxO3 a在小鼠不同时期的牙胚表达情况和分布情况,并对结果进行分析。结果 FoxO3 a在小鼠不同时期的牙胚发育中的分布存在差异,FoxO3a在0d小鼠牙胚中,成牙本质细胞成阴性表达,在3d小鼠牙胚中成牙本质细胞成阳性表达。结论观察FoxO3a在小鼠牙胚发育过程中的表达以及表达的变化,提示FoxO3a可能参与牙本质的形成和矿化。