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101.
The diagnosis of villoglandular adenocarcinoma of cervix on cytological smears is often missed due to the relatively bland cytological features of this tumour. A 45-year-old female with an exophytic cervical growth had three cervical smears reported as unsatisfactory. A cervical biopsy followed by Wertheim's hysterectomy showed a villoglandular adenocarcinoma (VGA) of cervix. Vaginal recurrence of VGA was again missed on the first post-operative vault smear. The second and third vault smears showed characteristic features of VGA that enabled correct identification. Review of some of the smears previously reported as unsatisfactory showed architectural features of VGA in the three dimensional (3-D) fragments that were previously considered to be benign. 相似文献
102.
Alwahhabi F 《Harvard Review of Psychiatry》2003,11(4):180-193
Anxiety is a common but underestimated, undertreated, and poorly studied problem in the elderly. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and nonspecific anxiety symptoms that do not fall under a specific anxiety disorder are good examples. The current literature on the epidemiology, consequences, phenomenology, assessment, and treatment implications of these challenging problems is reviewed. A variety of limitations are observed. They include limited understanding of the expression of GAD in this age group, variable definitions of "elderly" (specifically with regard to the minimum age), limited ability of currently available diagnostic instruments to identify GAD in the elderly, and the availability of only a few trials addressing treatment of GAD specifically in this group. Despite these limitations there is enough evidence suggesting GAD in the elderly has a potential for negative consequences independent of the common comorbidity with major depressive disorder. The treatments reviewed are promising but need further research in order to document their safety and efficacy. The limitations of our current knowledge are discussed, with recommendations for future research. 相似文献
103.
Purpose. The aim of this study was to develop a method based upon electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) using oppositely charged surfactant vesicles as a buffer modifier to estimate hydrophobicity (log P) for a range of neutral and charged compounds.Methods. Vesicles were formed from cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium n-octyl sulfate (SOS). The size and polydispersity of the vesicles were characterized by electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and pulsed-field gradient NMR (PFG-NMR). PFG-NMR was also used to determine if ion-pairing between cationic analytes and free SOS monomer occurred. The CTAB/SOS vesicles were used as a buffer modifier in capillary electrophoresis (CE). The capacity factor (log k) was calculated by determining the mobility of the analytes both in the presence and absence of vesicles. Log k was determined for 29 neutral and charged analytes.Results. There was a linear relationship between the log of capacity factor (log k) and octanol/water partition coefficient (log P) for both neutral and basic species at pH 6.0, 7.3, and 10.2. This indicated that interaction between the cation and vesicle was dominated by hydrophobic forces. At pH 4.3, the log k values for the least hydrophobic basic analytes were higher than expected, indicating that electrostatic attraction as well as hydrophobic forces contributed to the overall interaction between the cation and vesicle. Anionic compounds could not be evaluated using this system.Conclusion. Vesicular electrokinetic chromatography (VEKC) using surfactant vesicles as buffer modifiers is a promising method for the estimation of hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Vishwanath Sathyanarayanan Abdul Razak Girish Narayan Mukhyaprana Prabhu Balasubramanian Ramachandran Kudva Ranjini Monappa Vidya Kusum Joshi 《Clinical and experimental nephrology》2010,14(6):614-618
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare complication of nephrotic syndrome and corticosteroid therapy.
Here, we discuss an 18 year old man with type 1 membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) secondary to hepatitis B infection
who developed posterior leukoencephalopathy while on therapy with lamivudine and prednisone. He developed seizures and vision
loss. He also had hypertension, but no sudden elevation was recorded at any time. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed patchy
areas of altered signal intensity involving cortical gray and subcortical white matter in the bilateral frontoparietal regions,
occipital cortices, temporal cortices and cerebellar hemispheres, and hyperintensity on T2W and FLAIR sequences. Tapering
of prednisone and controlling hypertension resulted in clinical improvement within a few days, and in a month MRI was normal.
Diagnosing PRES requires a high index of suspicion when treating similarly susceptible patients. PRES as a complication during
the treatment of MPGN secondary to hepatitis B has, to our knowledge, never been reported previously in the literature. 相似文献
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Joseph L. Bryant Poornachander R. Guda Sugata Ray Girma Asemu Avinash R. Sagi Fahad Mubariz Muhammed I. Arvas Omar S. Khalid Vivek Shukla Vamshi K.C. Nimmagadda Tapas K. Makar 《Experimental and molecular pathology》2018,104(3):239-249
Human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease in HIV patients, which is characterized by glomerulosclerosis and renal tubular dysfunction. Aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) is a membrane bound water channel protein that plays a distinct role in water reabsorption from renal tubular fluid. It has been proven that failure of AQP-4 insertion into the renal tubular membrane leads to renal dysfunction. However, the role of AQP-4 in HIVAN is unclear. We hypothesize that impaired water reabsorption leads to renal injury in HIVAN, where AQP-4 plays a crucial role. Renal function is assessed by urinary protein and serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Kidneys from HIV Transgenic (TG26) mice (HIVAN animal model) were compared to wild type mice by immunostaining, immunoblotting and quantitative RT-PCR. TG26 mice had increased proteinuria and BUN. We found decreased AQP-4 levels in the renal medulla, increased endothelin-1, endothelin receptor A and reduced Sirtuin1 (SIRT-1) levels in TG26 mice. Also, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress was enhanced in kidneys of TG26 mice. We provide the first evidence that AQP-4 is inhibited due to induction of HIV associated stress in the kidneys of TG26 mice which limits water reabsorption in the kidney which may be one of the cause associated with HIVAN, impairing kidney physiology. AQP-4 dysregulation in TG26 mice suggests that similar changes may occur in HIVAN patients. This work may identify new therapeutic targets to be evaluated in HIVAN. 相似文献
110.
Saad Althuwaini Fahad Bamehriz Abdullah Aldohayan Waleed Alshammari Saleh Alhaidar Mazen Alotaibi Abdullah Alanazi Hossam Alsahabi Majid Abdularahman Almadi 《Obesity surgery》2018,28(4):916-922