Clinical spectrum of acute abdominal pain in Turkish pediatric patients: A prospective study

Abstract Background : The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence, associated symptoms, and clinical outcomes of children with acute abdominal pain who had been admitted to an emergency department. Methods : Children aged between 2 and 16 years who presented to the emergency department of Cerrahpa?a Medical School, Istanbul University between July 2001 and August 2002 with acute abdominal pain were enrolled in this study. A questionnaire was completed each patient admitted to our pediatric emergency unit for acute abdominal pain. Data collected included presenting signs and symptoms, the hospital follow up for all children who returned within 10 days, test results, and telephone follow up. Results : The number of children referred to the emergency department was 7442, with 399 (5.4%) of these having acute abdominal pain. The mean age of the study population was 6.9 ± 3.5 years, and 201 of the patients were male. The five most prevalent diagnoses were: (i) upper respiratory tract infection and/or complicated with otitis media or sinusitis (23.7%); (ii) abdominal pain with uncertain etiology (15.4%); (iii) gastroenteritis (15.4%); (iv) constipation (9.4%); and (v) urinary tract infection (8%). The most common associated symptoms were decreased appetite, fever and emesis. Because of follow‐up deficiency the progress of 28 patients was not obtained. Eighty‐two children were referred to the department of pediatric surgery, but only 17 of 82 (20.7%) required surgical intervention (15 of these 17 for appendicitis). Eleven patients returned within 10 days for re‐evaluation, but the initial diagnosis was not changed. The complaints of 57 patients with uncertain etiology were resolved within 2 days. Conclusions : An acute complaint of abdominal pain was usually attributed to a self‐limited disease. However, the percentage of surgical etiology is not negligible.     

多功能医疗护理床的研制与应用

本文介绍了一种多功能医疗护理床。该床具与便盆合为一体。适合行动不便或卧床不起但有思维能力的病人使用。病人方便时按下按纽便自行解决。具有省力、卫生、方便的特点。     

婴幼儿骶尾部良性畸胎瘤的MRI诊断

目的：评估婴幼儿骶尾部良性畸胎瘤的MRI诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析6例经手术病理证实的骶尾部良性畸胎瘤的MRI表现。6例均用MRI的快速自旋回波序列扫描，结合短时反转恢复脂肪抑制序列及增强扫描。结果：骶尾部良性畸胎瘤起源于盆腔内末端骶尾区，属于后腹膜肿瘤，MRI通常表现为圆形、类圆形或不规则形巨大均质或非均质性肿块，边界一般较清楚，信号混杂，其中有代表囊性或实性成分的信号区域，实性部分常见脂肪或钙化。结论：MRI可清楚显示盆腔内、外的成分和解剖细节，有助于对骶尾部良性畸胎瘤的诊断以及合适手术计划的选择。     

造血生长因子的神经保护作用

神经损伤是常见的临床问题，但目前的常规治疗方法难以取得令人满意的效果。近年的研究发现，EPO、G-CSF和TPO不仅参与造血的调控，对神经系统也具有直接保护作用，并可动员内源性干细胞参与损伤神经的修复，为神经系统疾病的治疗带来新的希望。     

奥利司他对肥胖IGT人群糖尿病预防效果

目的 探讨奥利司他(Orlistat,赛尼可)对肥胖糖耐量低减(IGT)患者的干预效果。方法 患者随机分两组奥利司他治疗组(50例)和对照组(51例),治疗为期1年,于治疗前后测量血脂、口服糖耐量试验(OGTT)、体重、身高等指标。结果1年后,治疗组上述指标明显改善(P<0.01),其恶化为糖尿病的发病率明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论 在肥胖IGT干预治疗中,奥利司他加饮食和运动治疗后可使体重减轻,改善糖耐量,明显减少糖尿病的发生。     

RT-3DE定量评价心梗患者PCI术前后左室功能的变化

为探讨实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)定量评估心梗患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术前后左室收缩功能及同步性参数的变化,选取100例接受PCI治疗的心肌梗死患者和100例正常对照组,应用RT-3DE技术对正常对照组和心梗患者PCI术前及术后1个月测量左心室收缩功能及同步性参数并进行比较。心梗患者PCI术前组左心室各功能参数值均劣于正常对照组,而术后1个月左心室各参数值均较术前明显改善。PCI术前、术后应用RT-3DE能够准确定位、定量反映左心室收缩功能及运动同步性,对心肌梗死的临床诊断及疗效评估具有重要价值。     

风险评估模型在血吸虫病传播风险研究中的应用

随着血吸虫病研究的深入,风险评估模型被广泛应用到血吸虫病防治研究领域.本文对常见的血吸虫病风险评估模型和贝叶斯模型的理论基础和实际应用作一综述,以期为我国消除血吸虫病工作提供参考.     

Protective Effects of Polydatin from Grapes and Reynoutria japonica Houtt. on Damaged Macrophages Treated with Acetaminophen

The unregulated use of acetaminophen (APAP), an antipyretic and analgesic drug, harms hepatocytes and kidney cells, leading to liver failure and acute kidney injury. Herein, we investigate whether APAP damages macrophages in the immune system by observing its effects on macrophage proliferation and apoptosis. Using proteomics, we analyzed the effects of APAP on macrophage protein expression profiles and evaluated whether polydatin, the active ingredient in grapes and wine, can repair the damaged cells. The results showed that APAP alters the morphology and physiological processes of macrophages, inhibits macrophage proliferation, and promotes apoptosis. We observed 528 differentially expressed proteins when 500 µg/mL APAP was administered to the cells. These proteins are involved in biological processes including cell division, apoptosis, and acute phase response. Overall, our findings demonstrate that APAP harms the immune system by damaging macrophages and that polydatin can repair this damage.     

逍遥散对慢性心理应激损伤大鼠海马神经元的影响

目的:观测逍遥散对多相性应激大鼠海马神经元结构的影响,探究逍遥散抵抗应激损伤大鼠海马神经元结构的机制.方法:大鼠采用慢性多相性应激模型,造模后取材进行Nissl体染色观测海马神经元内Nissl体及Sevier-Munger海马神经纤维,以Fura-2负载及荧光分光光度计检测大鼠海马突触体内Ca2 浓度.结果:造模组Nissl体数量明显减少,神经元胞体溃变、减少,神经纤维减少、排列紊乱;逍遥散治疗组Nissl体及神经元胞体及神经纤维数量有明显增加,排列更整齐;海马突触体内Ca2 浓度均明显升高.结论:多相性应激使大鼠海马神经元损伤从而致神经元内Nissl体减少,这种损伤是可逆或部分可逆的,逍遥散能明显抑制应激对大鼠海马神经元造成的损伤及神经元内Nissl体的减少.海马神经元细胞内Ca2 超载可能是慢性心理应激损伤大鼠空间学习记忆重要的神经机制,逍遥散也可能是通过抑制海马神经元细胞外Ca2 大量内流,阻止Ca2 超载,从而改善应激大鼠的学习记忆状况.     

基于谱效相关的何首乌抗血小板聚集药效物质研究

应用体外抗血小板聚集生物活性检测方法,并结合化学指纹图谱进行谱效相关分析,探索何首乌抗血小板聚集的活性物质。采用体外抗血小板聚集法进行检测,何首乌50%乙醇提取物的抗血小板聚集作用强于10%或90%的乙醇提取物,超声提取优于回流提取。对正交试验的不同提取物进行抗血小板聚集活性评价,抑制率在32.03%~74.56%。谱效相关分析结果表明,反式二苯乙烯苷、顺式二苯乙烯苷、儿茶素与抗血小板聚集活性的相关系数较高且具有统计学意义,分别为0.963(P0.01),0.902(P0.01)和0.656(P0.05);进一步对上述3种与活性相关系数较高化合物的单体进行活性验证,均有较好的抗血小板聚集活性;最后根据3种单体化合物在何首乌中的含量差异计算相对活性贡献度可知,反式二苯乙烯苷是何首乌体外抗血小板聚集的主要活性物质。