番泻叶不同煎煮时间的水提物对小鼠便秘模型的影响

目的 考察番泻叶不同煎煮时间对泻下作用的影响,为其煎煮时间的确定提供实验依据。方法 以燥结缺水致小鼠便秘模型、地芬诺酯致小鼠便秘模型等为研究对象,比较番泻叶煎煮10,15,20 min水提物的泻下作用强弱,同时测定番泻叶水提物中番泻苷A、B的含量。结果 3个番泻叶水提物均有泻下活性,泻下作用由强到弱,其煎煮时间依次为15 min > 20 min > 10 min;各水提物中番泻苷A和番泻苷B的含量与其泻下作用强弱一致。结论 番泻叶的泻下作用和番泻苷A、B含量,与煎煮时间密切相关。煎煮15 min其泻下活性较强,番泻苷A和番泻苷B的含量最高。     

不同免疫抑制剂对血清转化生长因子β-1活性的影响

目的:测定肾移植术后血清转化生长因子β-1的活性,对比服用不同免疫抑制剂对转化生长因子β-1的活性的影响。方法:回顾分析肾移植患者的临床资料,术后采用环孢素A(CsA)预防排斥反应者25例(CsA组)、采用他克莫司(FK506)用药者20例(FK506组)。比较分析两组用药后血清转化生长因子β-1活性及总体转化生长因子β-1的浓度,并与正常人(12例)对比。结果:肾移植术后患者血清转化生长因子β-1的活性及总体转化生长因子β-1的浓度明显高于正常对照组(P<0·01),术后时间越长其增高越显著,以CsA组为甚,与FK506组比较存在显著性差异(P<0·05)。结论:肾移植术后患者血清转化生长因子β-1存在异常激活,可能参与慢性移植肾病的发病进程,术后采用免疫抑制剂FK506优于CsA。     

miR-122启动子序列的克隆及特异性分析

目的 miRNA- 122启动子序列的预测、克隆及特异性分析.方法 分别从肝癌细胞系Huh-7及HepG2中扩增出预测的miR-122启动子,并将其克隆至含荧光素酶(firefly luciferase,Fluc)报告基因pGL4.17质粒上,用重组质粒转染Huh-7、HepG2及HeLa细胞,分析启动子的特性.结果 成功预测并克隆出miR-122的启动子序列.重组质粒转染细胞后,启动子能够启动Fluc的表达.用含启动子P1的重组载体pGL4.17-P1转染HeLa细胞后,用两种荧光素酶检测体系测得重组载体中荧光素酶的表达水平显著高于对照组(t =0.000 21,P＜0.01及t=0.000 38,P＜0.01).结论 Huh-7、HepG2细胞中miR-122表达差异与启动子序列缺失无关.而受miR-122启动子调节的报告基因在非肝细胞系(HeLa)中也表达,表明miR-122启动子不具有肝细胞特异性.     

六味地黄汤对甲亢型肾阴虚大鼠肝线粒体蛋白质组的影响

目的 应用双向电泳技术和质谱技术研究六味地黄汤对甲亢型肾阴虚大鼠肝线粒体蛋向质组的影响.方法 双向电泳分离甲状腺素造成的肾阴虚模型和六味地黄汤治疗大鼠肝线粒体蛋白质,银染后扫描得到蛋白质组图谱,用Image Master2D6.0软件进行差异蛋白质组分析,筛选差异在2倍以上的蛋白质进行质谱鉴定和生物信息学分析.结果 大鼠Major urinary protein precursor、Peroxiredoxin-6、内质网蛋白29前体、大鼠转甲状腺素蛋白D链表达升高,78 kDa葡萄糖调节蛋白前体、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶Mu 1、热休克蛋白60、肽基脯氨酰顺反式异构酶、核转录因子-κB 2、H~+-转运ATP合酶、BNIP1 protein表达均降低.结论 六味地黄汤滋阴补肾作用机理可能与下调线粒体内H~+-转运ATP合酶表达量从而减缓能量代谢、抑制NF-κB过量表达和活化以调节炎性细胞因子紊乱状态和凋亡抑制状态、上调PDX6表达对抗氧自由基损伤以及增强性激素分泌水平相关.     

甲型H1N1流感病毒基因组序列分析及其特性研究

Objective To analyse the genome of influenza A (H1N1) vires so as to elucidate its molecular characteristics and evolution status. Methods DNA sequences of the influenza viruses were collected from NCBI, and compared with the genomes of referenced intluenza viruses. The phylogenetic trees were constructed by the neighbor-joining method, and the pathogenicity, drug susceptibility and vaccine protection were analyzed. Results Phyiogenetic analysis showed that the genes encoding HA, PB2, PBI, PA, NP, and NS protein were most closely related to those influenza A viruses circulating in swine populations in North America. NA and M gene belonged to Eurasia lineages swine influenza vires. The amino acid sequence of the cleavage site between HA1 and HA2 was PARSSR ↓ GLFGAI with the typical characteristics of the low pathogenic influenza virus. Influenza A(H1N1) virus can spread from person-to-person. It is sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir but resistant to amantadine and remantadine. The current human seasonal influenzavaccines confered little protection against influenza A/H1N1 because of the great diversity on antigenic domains between A/H1N1 virus and vaccine virus. Conclusions Influenza A(H1N1) virus is a reassortant virus of North America and Eurasia hneages swine influenza virus. It is important to develop a vaccine against the currently circulating virus strain to control the disease spread.     

异丙酚-芬太尼麻醉下颅内动脉瘤夹闭术中患者收缩和舒张脑血管物质的变化

目的观察异丙酚-芬太尼麻醉下颅内动脉瘤夹闭术中患者血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ(AT Ⅱ)、内皮素(ET)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的变化。方法颅内动脉瘤破裂后2周择期行颅内动脉瘤夹闭术患者43例。静脉注射芬太尼2μg·kg-1、维库溴铵0．1 mg·kg-1、异丙酚2 mg·kg-1麻醉诱导后气管插管,持续输入异丙酚6 mg·kg-1·h-1维持麻醉,并间断追加芬太尼2 μg·kg-1和维库溴铵。分别于麻醉诱导前(T1)、剪硬膜(T2)、夹闭动脉瘤(T3)和动脉瘤夹闭后30 min(T4)时采集动脉血,应用放免法测定血浆AT-_Ⅱ、ET和CGRP的浓度,并监测平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)。结果血浆AT-Ⅱ浓度和HR在各时间点比较差异无统计学意义(P>0．05),且均在正常范围内。与T1比较,血浆 CGRP和MAP在T2-4明显降低(P<0．05或0．01),但MAP仍在正常范围内。与T2比较,血浆ET浓度在T3时升高(P<0．05)。结论在异丙酚-芬太尼静脉麻醉下,动脉瘤夹闭术中患者血液中收缩血管的物质升高,舒张血管的物质降低,应注意预防急性脑血管痉挛的发生。     

对双黄连粉针剂治疗急性呼吸道感染研究文献的质量评价

[目的]对双黄连粉针剂治疗急性呼吸道感染临床研究性文献的科研设计质量进行系统评价。[方法]按照临床流行病学/DME方法和循证医学的原则，采用[急性呼吸道感染中医药治疗文献评价表》收集文献信息，建立文献数据库，进行描述性分析和一致性检验。[结果]采用了随机对照方法的研究文献占42.61%，但随机对照的质量不佳；大部分研究缺乏诊疗标准或标准不一；盲法少被采用；无退出与失访病例的报道与分析；不良反应观察有较多提及。[结论]双黄粉针剂的临床治疗研究在科研设计方面已有一定提高，但临床试验的设计和实施还存在很多的不足。     

黄芪多糖诱导脐血单核细胞分化为树突状细胞的实验研究

目的：探讨黄芪多糖在体外对脐血单核细胞向树突状细胞分化的作用。方法：无菌奈件下采集脐血，用淋巴细胞分离液分离获得脐血单个核细胞。将获得的单核细胞分为2组，实验组：在含有不同浓度（50、100、200mg／L）黄芪多糖的10％胎牛血清的RPMI-1640完全培养液中培养；对照组：在未加黄芪多糖的RPMI-1640完全培养液中培养。培养过程中用倒置光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察细胞形态；收集部分培养第12天的细胞利用流式细胞仪检测两组细胞表面CD1a、CD80、CD83、CD86分子的表达。结果：在培养的第72h后实验组细胞形态开始变化，随着培养时间的延长，树突状结构更加明显，第12天细胞呈典型的树突状细胞形态；对照组细胞生长缓慢。细胞无成簇生长，培养至第12天细胞呈梭形巨噬细胞形态。培养至10天的实验组细胞扫描电镜下可见细胞表面粗糙，胞体突起成不规则形态，突起的长短、粗细、薄厚不等。培养12天后实验组细胞别高达DCs特异性抗原CD1a、CD80、CD83和CD86，与对照组对应比较差异均有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论：黄芪多糖体外可诱导脐血单核细胞（DCs前体细胞）定向分化功能性（成熟）DCs。     

Positive benefits of a pharmacist-managed hypertension clinic in Nigeria

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether the provision of further practice-based support by pharmacists will bring about improved outcomes for blood pressure (BP) control in middle-aged and elderly Nigerian hypertensive patients managed with combination diuretics (amiloride hydrochloride 5 mg+hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg) and/or methyl dopa at the primary care level. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a 1-year prospective, randomized cohort study of the outpatients of a state comprehensive health centre in South-western Nigeria. Free primary health services including free drugs were provided for all patients. PATIENTS AND METHOD: The study population comprised 51 Nigerian patients with uncomplicated hypertension aged 45 years or more, with a 0.2-3.0-year history of hypertension, registered at the Comprehensive Health Centre, Ife between October 2002 and March 2003. They were invited into the pharmacist-managed hypertension clinic and followed for the study period. Participating pharmacists counselled for current medication, personalized goals of lifestyle modification stressing weight loss and/or increased activity, increased patient awareness by providing relevant education about hypertension and associated/related diseases, adjusted drug therapy to optimize effectiveness and minimize adverse events, utilized treatment schedules that enhanced patients' adherence to therapy, and monitored treatment outcomes between enrollment and return visits. Patient satisfaction and the number of treatment failures within 6 months post enrollment were compared with retrospective data from our earlier study involving physician-managed patients under a similar setting. RESULTS: Uncontrolled BP reduced from 92 to 36.2% by 10.15+/-5.02 days after enrollment. Treatment failures were observed at 5.9% of the total return visits (n=184) within 6 months. CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-managed hypertension clinics can improve BP control, reduce treatment failure and increase patient satisfaction.     

半夏泻心颗粒剂改善胃动力的实验研究

本实验以Wistar大鼠和昆明种小白鼠为研究对象,观察“半夏泻心颗粒剂”对大鼠体表胃肌电AP值、FP值以及大、小鼠胃排空率指标,用“酚红法”、“体表胃肌电法”实验并同时做了自身用药前后对比,生理盐水对照和吗丁啉治疗对照,结果“半夏泻心颗粒剂”1．8g/kg,0.9g/kg使大鼠体表胃肌电AP值提高37．5％、82．4％（P＜0．01）,FP值提高43．3％、18．3％。胃排空率,大鼠提高54．2％（P＜0．05）,54．9％（P＜0．05）小鼠胃排空影响明显,与生理盐水组比较,9g/kg组P＜0．05,6g/kg组P＜0．01,3g/kg组P＜0．01,分别与吗丁啉组接近,结果提示：半夏泻心颗粒剂”有改善大鼠体表胃肌电,提高大、小鼠胃排空的作用。