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991.
Conceição T Aires de Sousa M Miragaia M Paulino E Barroso R Brito MJ Sardinha T Sancho L Carreiro H de Sousa G Machado Mdo C de Lencastre H 《Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.)》2012,18(2):116-124
Although Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of outbreaks in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), there are no studies on the epidemiology of S. aureus isolates responsible for infection in Portuguese NICUs. Between July 2005 and December 2007, a total of 54 methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates were recovered from 16 infected infants, parents, health care workers (HCWs), and the environment in a level III NICU. Isolates were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), spa typing, and multilocus sequence typing. Virulence determinants were detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Three major MSSA clones were endemic in the NICU, representing 70% (n=38) of the isolates: PFGE type A-ST5 (n=17); type B-ST30 (n=12); and type C-ST1 (n=9). Leukotoxins and hemolysins were present in all isolates, although none of them carried PVL. HCWs, plastic folders protecting clinical files, and mothers' nipples were identified as potential reservoirs and/or vehicles of dissemination of S. aureus. Consequently, additional infection control measures were implemented in this NICU. 相似文献
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993.
Tulathromycin represents the first member of a novel subclass of macrolides, known as triamilides, approved to treat bovine and swine respiratory disease. The objectives of the present study were to assess the concentration-versus-time profile of tulathromycin in the plasma and lung tissue of healthy and neutropenic mice challenged intranasally with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli O111:B4. BALB/c mice were randomly allocated into four groups of 40 mice each: groups T-28 (tulathromycin at 28 mg/kg of body weight), T-7, T7-LPS, and T7-LPS-CP (cyclophosphamide). Mice in group T-28 were treated with tulathromycin at 28 mg/kg subcutaneously (s.c.) (time 0 h). The rest of the mice were treated with tulathromycin at 7 mg/kg s.c. (time 0 h). Animals in dose groups T-7-LPS and T7-LPS-CP received a single dose of E. coli LPS intranasally at -7 h. Mice in group T7-LPS-CP were also rendered neutropenic with cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg intraperitoneally) prior to the administration of tulathromycin. Blood and lung tissue samples were obtained from 5 mice from each dose group at each sampling time over 144 h after the administration of tulathromycin. There were not statistical differences in lung tissue concentrations among groups T-7, T-7-LPS, and T7-LPS-CP. For all dose groups, the distribution of tulathromycin in the lungs was rapid and persisted at relatively high levels during 6 days postadministration. The concentration-versus-time profile of tulathromycin in lung tissue was not influenced by the intranasal administration of E. coli LPS. The results suggest that in mice, neutrophils may not have a positive influence on tulathromycin accumulation in lung tissue when the drug is administered during either a neutrophilic or a neutropenic state. 相似文献
994.
995.
Sven?VannesteEmail author Elsa?van der?Loo Mark?Plazier Dirk?De?Ridder 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2012,221(3):337-343
Non-pulsatile tinnitus is considered to be an auditory phantom percept. The extremely emotional context of disabling tinnitus
often leads to a higher level of selective attention directed toward the tinnitus. As such, tinnitus is a continuously distracting
auditory event. Auditory attention is associated with the activation of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), and modulating the
IPS with 10 Hz transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) creates the ability to ignore salient distractors. Thus, it can be
expected that modulating the parietal area might interfere with the perception of tinnitus. The effect of TMS on tinnitus
is evaluated using a double-cone coil tilted to the left parietal area in 24 individuals (study 1) and in 40 individuals with
the double-cone coil symmetrically overlying both parietal areas (study 2). When transient tinnitus suppression is noted,
the patient is asked to estimate the decrease in tinnitus in percentage using the numeric rating scale. The procedure is repeated
with stimulations at sham, 1 and 10 Hz, each stimulation session consisting of 200 pulses for study 1 and for study 2 stimulations
at sham, 1, 5, and 10 Hz, each stimulation session consisting of 200 pulses. For both studies, the order of the different
stimulation frequencies was randomized over the participants. For study 1, patients report a significant transient reduction
of the tinnitus percept for 10 Hz stimulation in comparison with, respectively, pre-treatment, sham, and 1 Hz stimulation,
with a suppression effect of 11.36 %. No significant effect was obtained for 1 Hz stimulation with the coil tilted toward
the left parietal area. For study, 2 patients revealed a significant suppression effect on 1, 5, and 10 Hz in comparison with
pre-treatment. However, only stimulation at 5 and 10 Hz had a significant difference in comparison with sham with a suppression
effect of, respectively, 8.78 and 9.50 %. Our data suggest that the parietal area is involved in tinnitus perception and that
10 Hz TMS using the double-cone coil overlying the parietal area can modulate tinnitus. 相似文献
996.
Thenin S Samleerat T Tavernier E Ngo-Giang-Huong N Jourdain G Lallemant M Barin F Braibant M 《Virology》2012,426(1):12-21
Several studies have shown that the early virus population present in HIV-1 infected infants usually is homogeneous when compared to the highly diversified viral population present at delivery in their mothers. We explored the antigenic and functional properties of pseudotyped viruses expressing gp120 encoded by env clones issued from four mother-infant pairs infected by CRF01_AE viruses. We compared their sensitivity to neutralization and to entry inhibitors, their infectivity levels and the Env processing and incorporation levels. We found that both transmitted viruses present in infants and the variants present in their chronically infected mothers display a wide spectrum of biological properties that could not distinguish between them. In contrast, we found that all the transmitted viruses in the infants were more sensitive to neutralization by PG9 and PG16 than the maternal variants, an observation that may have implications for the development of prophylactic strategies to prevent mother-to-child transmission. 相似文献
997.
Chaux A Velazquez EF Amin A Soskin A Pfannl R Rodríguez IM Barreto JE Lezcano C Ayala G Netto GJ Cubilla AL 《Human pathology》2012,43(7):1020-1027
We are presenting the morphological features of 121 cases of atypical penile intraepithelial lesions. The term penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN) was used to encompass all of them, and lesions were classified into 2 major groups, differentiated and undifferentiated. The latter was further divided in warty, basaloid, and warty-basaloid subtypes. Ninety-five cases were associated with invasive squamous cell carcinomas. Differentiated lesions predominated (68%), followed by warty-basaloid (14%), basaloid (11%), and warty (7%) subtypes. Multifocality was found in 15% of the cases. Differentiated lesions were preferentially located in foreskin, whereas warty and/or basaloid subtypes were more prevalent in the glans. The former lesions were preferentially seen in association with keratinizing variants of squamous carcinoma, whereas the latter subtypes were found mostly in conjunction with invasive warty, basaloid, and warty-basaloid carcinomas. Lichen sclerosus was present in 51% of cases of differentiated lesions and absent in warty and/or basaloid subtypes. In summary, PeIN can be classified into 4 distinctive morphological subtypes. The proper pathological characterization of these lesions may provide important clues to the understanding of the pathogenesis and natural history of penile cancer. 相似文献
998.
999.
Putman P Arias-Garcia E Pantazi I van Schie C 《International journal of psychophysiology》2012,84(2):194-200
Previously, electroencephalographic (EEG) delta-beta coupling (positive correlation between power in the fast beta and slow delta frequency bands) has been related to affective processing. For instance, differences in delta-beta coupling have been observed between people in a psychological stress condition and controls. We previously reported relationships between attentional threat processing and delta-beta coupling and individual differences in attentional control. The present study extended and replicated these findings in a large mixed gender sample (N=80). Results demonstrated that emotional Stroop task interference for threatening words was related to self-reported attentional inhibition capacity and frontal delta-beta coupling. There was no clear gender difference for delta-beta coupling (only a non-significant trend) and the relationship between delta-beta coupling and attentional threat-processing was not affected by gender. These results replicate and extend an earlier finding concerning delta-beta coupling and cognitive affect regulation and further clarify relationships between delta-beta coupling, attentional control, and threat-processing. 相似文献
1000.