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91.
William M. Splinter Elliot J. Rhine David W. Roberts Craig W. Reid Helen B. MacNeill 《Journal canadien d'anesthésie》1996,43(6):560-563
Purpose
To compare the incidence of vomiting following codeine or ketorolac for tonsillectomy in children.Methods
We had planned to enrol 240 patients, aged 2–12 yr undergoing elective tonsillectomy into a randomized, single-blind study in University Children’s Hospital. The study was terminated, after 64 patients because interim analysis of the data by a blinded non-study scientist concluded that the patients were at undue risk of excessive perioperative bleeding. After induction of anaesthesia by inhalation with N2O/halothane or with propofol 2.5?3.5 mg· kg?1 iv, the children were administered 150 μg· kg?1 ondansetron and 50 μg · kg?1 midazolam. Maintenance of anaesthesia was with N2O and halothane in O2. Subjects were administered either 1.5 mg · kg?1 codeine im or 1 mg· kg?1 ketorolac iv before the commencement of surgery. Intraoperative blood loss was measured with a Baxter Medi-Vac® Universal Critical Measurement Unit. Postoperative management of vomiting and pain was standardized. Vomiting was recorded for 24 hr after anaesthesia. Data were compared with ANOVA, Chi-Square analysis and Fisher Exact Test.Results
Thirty-five subjects received ketorolac. Demographic data were similar. The incidence of vomiting during the postoperative period was 31% in the codeine-group and 40% in the ketorolac-group. Intraoperative blood losses was 1.3 ± 0.8 ml · kg?1 after codeine and 2.2 ± 1.9 ml · kg?1 after ketorolac (mean ± SD) P < 0.05. Five ketorolac-treated patients had bleeding which led to unscheduled admission to hospital, P < 0.05, Exact Test.Conclusion
Preoperative ketorolac increases perioperative bleeding among children undergoing tonsillectomy without beneficial effects. 相似文献92.
Elliot R. Kaufma 《Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics》1991,17(6):567-572
Somatic cell hybrids derived from the fusion of Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) and mutant Syrian hamster melanoma cells (2E) were tested for their ability to grow with all of the thymidine (dThd) in their DNA replaced with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU), a phenotypic capability of the 2E cells but not of the CHO cells. Under these conditions, the 2E cells survived and grew, all of the hybrid clones survived and grew to varying degrees, and the CHO cells did not survive at all. When 2E cells were tested, they were also found to be resistant to the toxic effects of BrdU substitution and white light irradiation, relative to CHO cells. Thus, when the DNAs of 2E and CHO cells were equally (50%) substituted with BrdU, and the two cell lines irradiated with identical doses of white light, the survival of CHO cells was reduced to <1% of that of unirradiated cells, while 40% of the 2E cells survived. The 2E × CHO hybrid clones were found to survive at values from 10% to 40% under these identical conditions. Thus, the phenotypic characteristics of 2E cells involving total substitution and resistance to the toxic effects of BrdU substitution and white light irradiation appear to be expressed in a codominant fashion in somatic cell hybrids. 相似文献
93.
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96.
JC VANCE DC CHANT DI TUDEHOPE PH GRAY AJ HAYES 《Journal of paediatrics and child health》1997,33(6):504-508
Objectives: To describe the physical growth patterns of infants born to narcotic dependent mothers (INDM) over a 12 months period and, if possible, to relate the growth to drug taking patterns during pregnancy.
Methodology: The growth of a cohort of 43 INDM was measured during the first 12 months of life. Weight and length measurements were compared with percentile charts and converted to Z scores. Questionnaire data about drug taking practices, demographic variables and the neonatal period (including withdrawal scores) were obtained.
Results: Twenty-four (55.8%) of INDM had evidence of neonatal drug withdrawal requiring treatment with phenobarbitone. At birth, Z scores for weight and length indicated relative intrauterine growth retardation. By 12 months, there had been some catch up growth, but Z scores for weight and length were still below zero. Persistent weight retardation at 12 months was correlated with methadone dosage during pregnancy, but not the need for phenobarbitone therapy.
Conclusions: The growth patterns of INDM in the first 12 months of life indicated that at birth there was evidence of intrauterine growth retardation, but by 12 months the growth was little different from the rest of the community. There appears to be some influence of narcotic agents taken while pregnant on subsequent growth of INDM. 相似文献
Methodology: The growth of a cohort of 43 INDM was measured during the first 12 months of life. Weight and length measurements were compared with percentile charts and converted to Z scores. Questionnaire data about drug taking practices, demographic variables and the neonatal period (including withdrawal scores) were obtained.
Results: Twenty-four (55.8%) of INDM had evidence of neonatal drug withdrawal requiring treatment with phenobarbitone. At birth, Z scores for weight and length indicated relative intrauterine growth retardation. By 12 months, there had been some catch up growth, but Z scores for weight and length were still below zero. Persistent weight retardation at 12 months was correlated with methadone dosage during pregnancy, but not the need for phenobarbitone therapy.
Conclusions: The growth patterns of INDM in the first 12 months of life indicated that at birth there was evidence of intrauterine growth retardation, but by 12 months the growth was little different from the rest of the community. There appears to be some influence of narcotic agents taken while pregnant on subsequent growth of INDM. 相似文献
97.
Gonzales AJ; Christensen JG; Preston RJ; Goldsworthy TL; Tlsty TD; Fox TR 《Carcinogenesis》1998,19(7):1173-1183
98.
Identification of differentially expressed genes in aflatoxin B1- treated cultured primary rat hepatocytes and Fischer 344 rats 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
Harris AJ; Shaddock JG; Manjanatha MG; Lisenbey JA; Casciano DA 《Carcinogenesis》1998,19(8):1451-1458
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a mutagen and hepatocarcinogen in rats and humans, is
a contaminant of the human food supply, particularly in parts of Africa and
Asia. AFB1-induced changes in gene expression may play a part in the
development of the toxic, immunosuppressive and carcinogenic properties of
this fungal metabolite. An understanding of the-role of AFB1 in modulating
gene regulation should provide insight regarding mechanisms of AFB1-induced
carcinogenesis. We used three PCR- based subtractive techniques to identify
AFB1-responsive genes in cultured primary rat hepatocyte RNA: differential
display PCR (DD-PCR), representational difference analysis (RDA) and
suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Each of the three techniques
identified AFB1- responsive genes, although no individual cDNA was isolated
by more than one technique. Nine cDNAs isolated using DD-PCR, RDA or SSH
were found to represent eight genes that are differentially expressed as a
result of AFB1 exposure. Genes whose mRNA levels were increased in cultured
primary rat hepatocytes after AFB1 treatment were corticosteroid binding
globulin (CBG), cytochrome P450 4F1 (CYP4F1), alpha-2 microglobulin,
C4b-binding protein (C4BP), serum amyloid A-2 and glutathione S-transferase
Yb2 (GST). Transferrin and a small CYP3A-like cDNA had reduced mRNA levels
after AFB1 exposure. Full-length CYP3A mRNA levels were increased. When
liver RNA from AFB1-treated male F344 rats was evaluated for transferrin,
CBG, GST, CYP3A and CYP4F1 expression, a decrease in transferrin mRNA and
an increase in CBG, GST, CYP3A and CYP4F1 mRNA levels was also seen.
Analysis of the potential function of these genes in maintaining cellular
homeostasis suggests that their differential expression could contribute to
the toxicity associated with AFB1 exposure.
相似文献
99.
Assessing the Efficiency of HIV Prevention around the World: Methods of the PANCEA Project 下载免费PDF全文
Elliot Marseille Lalit Dandona Joseph Saba Coline McConnel Brandi Rollins Paul Gaist Mattias Lundberg Mead Over Stefano Bertozzi James G. Kahn 《Health services research》2004,39(6P2):1993-2012
Objective. To develop data collection methods suitable to obtain data to assess the costs, cost-efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of eight types of HIV prevention programs in five countries.
Data Sources/Study Setting. Primary data collection from prevention programs for 2002–2003 and prior years, in Uganda, South Africa, India, Mexico, and Russia.
Study Design. This study consisted of a retrospective review of HIV prevention programs covering one to several years of data. Key variables include services delivered (outputs), quality indicators, and costs.
Data Collection/Extraction Methods. Data were collected by trained in-country teams during week-long site visits, by reviewing service and financial records and interviewing program managers and clients.
Principal Findings. Preliminary data suggest that the unit cost of HIV prevention programs may be both higher and more variable than previous studies suggest.
Conclusions. A mix of standard data collection methods can be successfully implemented across different HIV prevention program types and countries. These methods can provide comprehensive services and cost data, which may carry valuable information for the allocation of HIV prevention resources. 相似文献
Data Sources/Study Setting. Primary data collection from prevention programs for 2002–2003 and prior years, in Uganda, South Africa, India, Mexico, and Russia.
Study Design. This study consisted of a retrospective review of HIV prevention programs covering one to several years of data. Key variables include services delivered (outputs), quality indicators, and costs.
Data Collection/Extraction Methods. Data were collected by trained in-country teams during week-long site visits, by reviewing service and financial records and interviewing program managers and clients.
Principal Findings. Preliminary data suggest that the unit cost of HIV prevention programs may be both higher and more variable than previous studies suggest.
Conclusions. A mix of standard data collection methods can be successfully implemented across different HIV prevention program types and countries. These methods can provide comprehensive services and cost data, which may carry valuable information for the allocation of HIV prevention resources. 相似文献
100.
Virgínia Carla de Oliveira Tatsuya Nagata Felipe C. Guimarães Fernanda A. Ferreira Elliot Watanabe Kitajima Cícero Nicolini Renato de Oliveira Resende Alice Kazuko Inoue-Nagata 《Virus genes》2013,46(1):190-194
A tymovirus was isolated in Brazil from tomato plants with severe symptoms of leaf mosaic and blistering. The virus was mechanically transmissible to solanaceous indicator host species. The infected plants contained icosahedral particles and chloroplasts with membrane deformations which are typical cytopathic effects caused by tymoviruses. Its coat protein amino acid sequence shares the maximum of 64 % identity with the tymovirus Chiltepin yellow mosaic virus, which suggested that it can be considered as a distinct member of the genus Tymovirus. In a phylogenetic tree, this tymovirus was clustered with other solanaceous-infecting tymoviruses. It was tentatively named as Tomato blistering mosaic virus (ToBMV). 相似文献