中国野生麦角对家兔子宫的作用

麦角制剂是妇产科常用药物之一,文献曾记载江西、湖南等地有野生麦角,但迄今我国仍依赖进口,自1953年以来,本院药用植物学系的调查队曾在河北和东北各省採集了寄生在黑麦、老芒麦、披硷草、拂子茅和赖草上的麦角,化学分析证明,其中一部分麦角的生物硷含量超过中国药典的规定。本研究目的是测定这些野生麦角的生物效力。     

甾体激素 Ⅰ.物质S醋酸酯合成的改进

改进了自16α,17α-环氧-5-孕甾烯-3β-醇-20-酮(Ⅰ)經五步反应合成物貭S醋酸酯(Ⅵ)的方法,总收率达到45%理論。对(Ⅲ_b)脱溴一步,提出了应用醋酸銨为緩冲剂,在醇溶液中以較少量的Raney鎳为催化剂,在常压下进行选择性的氫解获得成功。     

Probiotics as beneficial agents in the management of diabetes mellitus: a systematic review

Probiotics have been suggested to play an important role in the management of diabetes. We conducted a systematic review on the role of probiotics in modulating parameters related to diabetes in animal and human experiments. We searched Pubmed, Scopus and Cochrane central until June 2014, concerning the effects of probiotics on hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and their anti‐diabetic efficacies by modulating the activities of proinflammatory and antioxidant factors. Our initial search retrieved 1120 reports. After screening titles and abstracts, 72 full‐text articles were reviewed for eligibility. Ultimately, 33 articles met our inclusion criteria consisting of five human and twenty eight animal reports. Lactobacillus strains were, in particular, used in all studies with or without other strains. We found that probiotics have beneficial effects on glycemic controls, as all human studies showed significant reductions in at least one of the primary outcome endpoints which were the levels of fasting plasma glucose, postprandial blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, insulin, insulin resistance and onset of diabetes; similarly, all the animal reports, except for two, documented significant changes in these parameters. Regarding secondary outcome measures, that is, lipid profiles, pro‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant factors, only one human and one animal study failed to show any significant changes in any of these parameters. This systematic review generally demonstrated beneficial effects of the probiotic administration, especially Lactobacillus sub‐strains, on the management of diabetes‐related blood parameters, although, more evidence, especially from human trials, is needed to confirm these effects and also to conduct a meta‐analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Protein A adsorption of acute myelogenous leukemia serum induces in vitro blast lysis

We studied cytotoxic activity of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) sera for AML blasts before and after immunoadsorption with Staphylococcus aureus, Cowan I (SAC), which contains protein A. We found in vitro that incubation with treated AML sera reduced viability to 42.7% of control (p less than 0.01) for autologous and 21.0% of control (p less than 0.01) for allogeneic blasts. Normal peripheral blood cells were not killed by treated AML sera. Wood 46 strain of Staphylococcus aureus, which does not contain protein A, did not significantly reduce AML blast viability (94.8%, p greater than 0.4), while Sepharose-bound protein A reduced viability to 63.8% (p less than 0.01). Cytotoxicity does not appear to be complement-mediated, byt cytotoxic activity is trypsin-sensitive and is contained in the immunoglobulin fraction. This model for study of the tumoricidal action of protein A adsorption should be useful for predicting utility of plasma adsorption as a therapeutic adjunct in the future.     

Rehabilitation of a Maxillectomy Case with Telescopic Crowns: A Case Report

Prosthodontic rehabilitation of acquired defects of the maxilla is a challenge in terms of reestablishing oronasal separation. Most of the times these goals are met by means of obturator prosthesis. Preservation of the remaining hard and soft tissues in such patients is very much essential in order to have a good retention, stability and support for the prosthesis. It is very much imperative to fabricate a prosthesis to provide proper function to the patient. Various techniques have been developed to enhance the retention and stability of the prosthesis, some of them being extension of the obturator bulb into the undercuts within the defect, use of magnets, implants etc. Telescopic crowns have been an adjunctive utility to prosthetic dentistry since a very long time. The biomechanics of telescopic crowns aid in providing a good retention and stability to the prosthesis. In the following clinical report a patient with a status of Subtotal Hemi Maxillectomy is presented in whom telescopic copings were incorporated into the cast hollow bulb obturator to enhance the retention and stability of the prosthesis.     

Is Postexcision, Preradiation Mammogram Necessary in Patients After Breast-Conserving Surgery with Negative Margins

Background

In women with breast cancer and calcifications, controversy exists over the need for postexcision/lumpectomy, preradiation mammogram (PEM) after breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Further, the need for excision of remaining or suspicious calcifications after PEM when surgical margins are negative is unclear. We sought to characterize the utility of PEM hypothesizing that its value in directing the need for additional surgery is minimized after achieving negative surgical margins.

Methods

We identified 524 women with breast cancer and calcifications treated with BCS with negative margins between 1996 and 2011.

Results

PEM was performed in 112 of 524 (21 %) women, with residual calcifications identified in 10 of 112 (9 %); of these, 2 of 112 (1.8 %) had residual disease. Local recurrence occurred in 4 of 112 (4 %) patients, none of whom had residual calcifications identified on PEM. The remaining 412 of 524 (79 %) women did not have PEM but had a postradiation mammogram 6 to 12 months after treatment identifying calcifications in 19 (5 %) women. Tissue diagnosis was benign in 14 women and was not pursued in the remaining 5. Local recurrence occurred in 13 (3 %) patients, none of whom had calcifications on the new post radiation baseline mammogram.

Conclusions

Mammographically apparent calcifications representing residual disease occur infrequently after BCS with negative margins. The value of PEM may be to document the new radiographic baseline but should not be required to ensure adequate surgery. Radiation plays an integral role in sterilization of the remaining breast tissue after BCS.