补充蛋白质对健美运动员肌肉力量的影响

目的:为健美运动员补充蛋白质提供科学的饮食方法,以期增加其肌肉体积,达到发展肌肉力量的同时健美体形,对健美运动员补充蛋白质研究作一综述。资料来源:应用计算机检索http://www.chkd.cnki.net/index.htm/,http://www.highwire.org/1994/2007有关补充蛋白质和增加肌肉力量相关的论文,英文检索词为"protein,strength",并限定语种为English;中文检索词为"补充蛋白质,肌肉力量",并限定语种为中文;另外手工查找与补充蛋白质和增加肌肉力量有关的资料和书籍。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取与补充蛋白质和增加肌肉力量相关的文献,所选择的文献为研究原著,排除重复研究。资料提炼:共收集到200篇补充蛋白质和增加肌肉力量的文献,在选择、分析的基础上,排除重复或类似研究,最终提炼出29篇文献进行分类整理用于综述。资料综合:①运动与蛋白质关系非常密切。当运动强度加大时,使运动员尿氮排出增加并出现尿负氮平衡,因此要适当的补充蛋白质。②补充蛋白质,可以增加肌肉生理横断面,肌纤维增粗,增加肌红蛋白、血红蛋白、酶和蛋白类激素的合成,有利于增加肌肉力量。结论:健美运动员高强度训练期间,为了恢复运动中的消耗、修复损伤的组织、提高健美训练效果,应给予高蛋白类膳食。同时,还需要保持均衡膳食,适当增加矿物质和维他命以及其他营养补剂的补充。     

Pattern-Shift Visual Evoked Responses and EEG in Migraine

SYNOPSIS
Visual evoked responses (VERs) and spectral analysis of background EEG were obtained from 20migraine patients and their age-matched controls. Full- and half-field reversing checkerboardstimulus presentations elicited no substantial differences between the subject groups for any of themajor component (N75, P100, N145) latencies or amplitudes. No VER differences were found forpatient subcategories based on side of headache, symptom history, or age. However, migrainepatients demonstrated slight but significantly higher mean frequency in their background EEG in the4–8 Hz frequencies in leads C 3 -P 3 and C 4 -P 4 , and a lower mean frequency in the 8–12 Hz band inleads F 3 -C 3 and F 4 -C 3 relative to controls. The results are discussed and compared to previousstudies of visual evoked potentials and EEG in migraine patients.     

自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植后心肌缝隙连接蛋白43表达与室性心动过速发生的关系

目的:缝隙连接蛋白43对维持心肌细胞的连接通讯功能、电信号传导和正常的节律性收缩起重要作用,其表达和分布的异常是多种室性心律失常的解剖学基础,建立小型猪急性心肌梗死模型.观察自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植后室性心动过速的发生及心肌缝隙连接蛋白43的表达方法:实验于2006-01/2007-01在河北省人民医院导管室完成。①材料:选取8～12月龄小型猪22头,由河北医科大学实验动物中心提供,体质量20～30 kg,随机数字表法分为细胞移植组12头、模型对照组10头.实验过程中对动物的处置符合动物伦理学际准②实验方法:无菌条件下抽取猪双侧股骨骨髓20 mL,percoll法 贴壁法分离培养骨髓间充质干细胞,待细胞生长达75%融合时用胰酶消化传代。将传至第2代细胞加入终浓度为10μmol/L的5-氮胞苷进行诱导,用胶体金标记12 h后继续培养20 d用于移植:两组小型猪均采用球囊堵闭法建立急性心肌梗死模型.心电图监测示相关至少2个导联ST段抬高大于0.2 mV、术后血肌钙蛋白和肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶升高超过正常的两倍为建模成功标准:细胞移植组于造模成功后经OTW球囊于第一对角支远端1 cm处再次阻断血流,注入经胶体金标记的10×10~7个骨髓间充质干细胞。③实验评估:于细胞移植后2 h及4周行电生理程序刺激.观察室性心动过速的发生情况。末次电生理检查后、采用免疫组化染色法检测心肌缝隙连接蛋白43的表达.计算其积分吸光度值。结果:①模型建立指标检测:与术前比较.造模后所有小型猪血肌钙蛋白含量和肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶活性均增高,峰值浓度分别为(21.3±3.6)μg/L和(178.3×41.4)IU/L,术中心电图ST段平均抬高(10.67±1.43)mm.证明急性心肌梗死模型成功建立。②骨髓间充质干细胞移植后室性心动过速的发生情况:与模型对照组诱发出室性心动过速的动物数量比较,术后2 h细胞移植组无明显变化(X~2=0.201,P=0.650),术后4周细胞移植组明显降低(X~2=4.455.P=0.035)。②骨髓间充质干细胞移植后梗死心肌缝隙连接蛋白43的表达:术后4周移植到梗死心肌的骨髓间充质干细胞与宿主心肌生长为一体,移植部位颜色变黑,苏木精-伊红染色示移植细胞的胞浆呈紫红色。细胞移植组心肌梗死区缝隙连接蛋白43积分吸光度值明显高于模型对照组(t=16,82.P=0.00),细胞移植组中未发生室性心动过速小型猪的梗死心肌缝隙连接蛋白43的表达明显高于发生室性心动过速小型猪(t=5.06,P=0.00)。结论:自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植可促进急性心肌梗死猪心肌缝隙连接蛋白43的表达,其表达程度可能与急性心肌梗死室性心动过速的发生有关。     

Age at Regular Drinking,Clinical Course,and Heritability of Alcohol Dependence in the San Francisco Family Study: A Gender Analysis

We examined gender differences in age of onset, clinical course, and heritability of alcohol dependence in 2,524 adults participating in the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) family study of alcoholism. Men were significantly more likely than women to have initiated regular drinking during adolescence. Onset of regular drinking was not found to be heritable but was found to be significantly associated with a shorter time to onset of alcohol dependence. A high degree of similarity in the sequence of alcohol‐related life events was found between men and women, however, men experienced alcohol dependence symptoms at a younger age and women had a more rapid clinical course. Women were found to have a higher heritability estimate for alcohol dependence (h²= .46) than men (h²= .32). These findings suggest that environmental factors influencing the initiation of regular drinking rather than genetic factors associated with dependence may in part underlie some of the gender differences seen in the prevalence of alcohol dependence in this population. (Am J Addict 2010;00:1–10)     

Evidence for a curvilinear relationship between posttraumatic growth and posttrauma depression and PTSD in assault survivors

Two studies of assault survivors (Ns = 180, 70) examined associations between posttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttrauma psychopathology. Both studies found significant curvilinear associations between PTG and posttraumatic stress disorder, whereas only Study 1 found a curvilinear association between PTG and depression symptom severity. Survivors with no or high growth levels reported fewer symptoms than those who reported moderate growth. Study 1 also investigated potential PTG predictors. Non‐Caucasian ethnicity, religiousness, peritraumatic fear, shame, and ruminative thinking style, assessed at 2 weeks, predicted growth at 6 months. Posttraumatic growth may thus be most relevant in trauma survivors who attach enduring significance to the trauma for their lives and show initial distress. Moderate levels of PTG do not seem to ameliorate posttrauma psychopathology.     

Imagery special issue: intrusive images and memories of earlier adverse events in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder

Mental imagery is increasingly considered to be an important feature in anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of mental images in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and their possible association with earlier adverse events. A consecutive sample of 37 patients with OCD admitted to a specialist unit was interviewed using a semi-structured interview. Thirty (81%) patients with OCD reported mental images. Most images were either memories of earlier adverse events (n=10 or 34%) or were associated with them (n=13 or 45%). Patients with mental images had more obsessive compulsive symptoms, responsibility beliefs and anxiety than those without. Previous research has shown that patients with OCD and comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder might not benefit as much from standard behavioural treatment as those without. Consequently, additional therapeutic interventions such as imaginal reliving and restructuring of meaning or imagery modification of traumatic memories might be helpful in OCD patients with mental images that are linked to earlier adverse events.     

Age-related differences in the blood alcohol levels of Wistar rats

Knowledge of blood alcohol levels (BALs) that are achieved following ethanol administration is critical for contemporary efforts to develop animal models of alcoholism. Adolescent and adult male Wistar rats were administered varying doses of ethanol (0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 g/kg) via gavage or intraperitoneal injection and BALs were measured over a two hour period. The results showed that adolescent animals had lower BALs across all time points in comparison to adults following administration of 0.75 g/kg ethanol and that 1 h after administration of 1.5 g/kg ethanol, adolescent animals showed an enhanced rate of elimination. The highest dose of ethanol (3.0 g/kg) produced comparable BALs for both adolescents and adults during the two-hour sampling period; however, the BALs for both ages were lower following administration of ethanol by gavage at this dose. Furthermore, an order effects analysis highlights that depending on the route of administration, initial dose size can influence the BALs produced by lower doses of ethanol. The current data identify the importance of measuring the level of alcohol in the blood to confirm that target BALs are achieved for adolescents and equivalent BALs are being reached for both adolescent and adult animals when such comparisons are made.