Isolation and characterization of twenty-six microsatellite loci for the tetraploid fish Dabry’s sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus)

To evaluate the population genetic diversity as a means of devising conservation strategies, we constructed (CA)n and (CT)n enriched genomic libraries for Acipenser dabryanus, a narrowly endemic and endangered species in China. Twenty-six polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed using the fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats (FIASCO) protocol. Between 3 and 13 alleles per locus were observed. Mean expected heterozygosities (H _E) and Shannon-Wiener Diversity Indices (H′) per locus ranged from 0.303 to 0.806, and from 0.480 to 1.893, respectively. The microsatellite markers described here are valuable tools for the population genetics research of A. dabryanus.     

Application of sodium alginate microspheres in ischemic stroke modeling in miniature pigs

The miniature pig is an optimal animal model for studying nervous system disease because of its physiologic and pathologic features. However, the rete mirabile composed of arteries and veins at the skull base limits their application as a model of ischemic stroke by middle cerebral artery occlusion. The present study investigated the possibility of establishing an ischemic stroke model in the miniature pig by blocking the skull base retia with sodium alginate microspheres. Three Bama miniature pigs were used. Using the monitor of C-arm X-ray machine, sodium alginate microspheres (100-300 μm), a novel embolic material, were injected through the femoral artery, aortic arch, common carotid artery, ascending pharyngeal artery and the retia. Results were evaluated using carotid arteriography, MRI, behavior observation and histology. The unilateral rete mirabile was completely blocked, resulting in disturbance in blood supply to the basal ganglia, astasia of the right hind limb and salivation. MRI and hematoxylin-eosin staining showed an evident infarction focus in the basal ganglia. These findings indicate that sodium alginate microspheres are a suitable embolic material for blocking the skull base retia in miniature pigs to establish an ischemic stroke models.     

Early biliary complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: evaluation on T2-weighted MR cholangiography in conjunction with mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced 3D T1-weighted MR cholangiography

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to assess preliminary experience with combined conventional T2-weighted and mangafodipir trisodium (MnDPDP)-enhanced T1-weighted MR cholangiography in evaluating early biliary complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Conventional heavily T2-weighted MR cholangiography with MnDPDP-enhanced T1-weighted MR cholangiography and ERCP were performed in seven patients with high clinical suspicion of biliary complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The final diagnoses of complications were classified according to the presence and degree of bile duct injury, bile leakage, and retained stones. RESULTS: The diagnoses on MR cholangiography were as follows: complete transection and occlusion of the common bile duct with bile leakage (n = 3), partial strictures of the common bile duct with bile leakage (n = 1), cystic duct leakage (n = 1), partial ligation of an aberrant right hepatic duct (n = 1), and hemorrhage without biliary complication (n = 1). The final diagnoses at surgery (n = 2) and ERCP (n = 5) were as follows: complete transection and occlusion of the common bile duct with bile leakage (n = 2), partial strictures of the common bile duct with bile leakage (n = 2), cystic duct leakage (n = 1), partial ligation of an aberrant right hepatic duct (n = 1), and hemorrhage without biliary complication (n = 1). MR cholangiography accurately yielded the same findings as the final diagnoses, except in one case with partial stricture of the bile duct with bile leakage (overdiagnosed as complete occlusion on MR cholangiography). CONCLUSION: Combined conventional T2-weighted and MnDPDP-enhanced T1-weighted MR cholangiography may eliminate the use of other studies for the imaging of biliary complications after cholecystectomy if this preliminary data can be verified in a larger study.     

基于Bevilacqua模型的乳腺癌保乳术患者术后淋巴水肿风险预测的临床研究

目的验证Bevilacqua乳腺癌术后淋巴水肿风险预测模型的临床适用性及可行性。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2015年12月203例乳腺癌患者临床资料,临床数据分析使用统计学软件SPSS 24.0。Cox回归模型分析乳腺癌患者术后发生上肢淋巴水肿的危险因素,以P<0.05为有统计学意义;绘制ROC曲线,以曲线下面积检验模型预测效果;应用Hosmere-Lemeshow检验评估预测值与实际值的校准程度,以P>0.05为预测模型校准能力较好,预测与实际没有区别。结果所有患者随访共计62~86个月,中位随访时间70个月。术后5年内共发生上肢淋巴水肿患者45例(22.2%)。Cox回归模型分析结果显示,高身体质量指数(BMI)、接受过新辅助化疗、全腋窝淋巴结清扫、接受过放疗是上肢淋巴水肿的独立危险因素。Becilacqua上肢淋巴水肿风险预测模型ROC曲线分析结果显示,模型AUC值为0.711,95%CI(0.651~0.760),有较好的的预测效果。Hosmer-Lemeshow检验结果显示,风险预测模型预测风险与实际无明显差异(P=0.262),校准能力较好,与实际差别不大。结论Bevilacqua术后6个月淋巴水肿风险预测模型的准确性及适用性较高,可用于临床对乳腺癌保乳术后淋巴水肿的预测,可为预防淋巴水肿的发生制定干预决策提供参考。     

Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue,which one induced thyroid dysfunction in patients with morbid obesity

BackgroundThyroid dysfunction in patients with morbid obesity usually resolves after bariatric surgery. However, the role of diverse types of adipose tissue in the process remains unknown.ObjectivesWe aim to investigate the effects of visceral and subcutaneous fat on thyroid function in a Chinese population with morbid obesity who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG).SettingUniversity hospital, Shanghai, ChinaMethodsRepeated measurement data of thyroid hormone and body fat were collected at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after sleeve gastrectomy. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer and quantitative computerized tomography (CT) were used to compute visceral fat and subcutaneous fat. Repeated measures correlation (rmmcorr) package was employed for correlation analysis with generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) determining the independent factors.ResultsThyroid stimulating-hormone (TSH) showed notable decrease at 36 months after surgery, coupled with reduction of BMI (38.08 kg/cm² versus 24.28 kg/cm²), C-reactive protein (CRP), visceral adipose tissue (786.74 cm² versus 367.44 cm²), body fat rate, and waistline (118.13 cm versus 100.87 cm). Only visceral fat, diabetes, and CRP proved to be independent variables for TSH decline, without correlation with subcutaneous fat.ConclusionThe present study is first to report the effects of different types of body fat on thyroid function in a Chinese population with morbid obesity, revealing that loss of visceral fat is the key to improving endocrine and metabolic activity after bariatric surgery.     

腹膜损伤生物学标志物的研究进展

终末期肾脏病已成为全球广泛关注的健康问题,腹膜透析是公认的、有效的肾脏替代治疗方法之一,腹膜结构和功能的完整性对于腹膜透析治疗至关重要。如何早期识别腹膜损伤并加以干预,已受到广泛关注。多种细胞因子、生长因子、微小RNA、代谢产物和蛋白酶在腹膜损伤过程中发挥重要作用,有望用于评价腹膜病理改变、预测腹膜功能,为临床治疗提供...     

腹膜透析患者血清白蛋白与体液负荷的关系

目的:血清白蛋白是影响透析患者预后的重要危险因素之一,而且与新发生及复发的心血管并发症及死亡率关系密切。近年发现低白蛋白血症可能更多与容量负荷过度及炎症等有关。因此,拟对腹膜透析患者中血清白蛋白与体液负荷的关系进行分析。方法:对CAPD患者,实行限制水钠摄入治疗2个月,测定患者治疗前后的体重、容量指标及血清白蛋白水平,收集患者治疗前后血压、24h尿量和超滤量等相关资料。结果:CAPD患者35例。经严格的控制水钠摄入治疗后,有26名患者体重明显减轻,从(62.2±8.8)kg减至(60.2±8.2)kg(P=0.000),细胞外液(ECW)从(16.23±2.95)L降至(14.96±2.64)L(P=0.000),而血清白蛋白水平则从(34.9±3.5)g/L升高到(37.3±3.7)g/L(P=0.003),患者自我感觉明显改善;9名患者体重无改善,平均增加(1.1±1.1)kg,ECW增加(0.68±1.28)L,血清白蛋白降低(2.1±2.3)g/L;所有患者24小时尿量和超滤量没有统计学意义上的差别。血清白蛋白变化与各项容量指标的变化间均存在线性相关(P<0.05)。结论:血清白蛋白的变化与患者体液状况的变化显著负相关。严格控制患者的水钠摄入是控制患者容量负荷过多、提高血清白蛋白水平的有效方法,患者对水钠控制的依从性将影响治疗的效果。     

Lung dosimetry for radioiodine treatment planning in the case of diffuse lung metastases.

The lungs are the most frequent sites of distant metastasis in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Radioiodine treatment planning for these patients is usually performed following the Benua-Leeper method, which constrains the administered activity to 2.96 GBq (80 mCi) whole-body retention at 48 h after administration to prevent lung toxicity in the presence of iodine-avid lung metastases. This limit was derived from clinical experience, and a dosimetric analysis of lung and tumor absorbed dose would be useful to understand the implications of this limit on toxicity and tumor control. Because of highly nonuniform lung density and composition as well as the nonuniform activity distribution when the lungs contain tumor nodules, Monte Carlo dosimetry is required to estimate tumor and normal lung absorbed dose. Reassessment of this toxicity limit is also appropriate in light of the contemporary use of recombinant thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone) (rTSH) to prepare patients for radioiodine therapy. In this work we demonstrated the use of MCNP, a Monte Carlo electron and photon transport code, in a 3-dimensional (3D) imaging-based absorbed dose calculation for tumor and normal lungs. METHODS: A pediatric thyroid cancer patient with diffuse lung metastases was administered 37 MBq of (131)I after preparation with rTSH. SPECT/CT scans were performed over the chest at 27, 74, and 147 h after tracer administration. The time-activity curve for (131)I in the lungs was derived from the whole-body planar imaging and compared with that obtained from the quantitative SPECT methods. Reconstructed and coregistered SPECT/CT images were converted into 3D density and activity probability maps suitable for MCNP4b input. Absorbed dose maps were calculated using electron and photon transport in MCNP4b. Administered activity was estimated on the basis of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 27.25 Gy to the normal lungs. Computational efficiency of the MCNP4b code was studied with a simple segmentation approach. In addition, the Benua-Leeper method was used to estimate the recommended administered activity. The standard dosing plan was modified to account for the weight of this pediatric patient, where the 2.96-GBq (80 mCi) whole-body retention was scaled to 2.44 GBq (66 mCi) to give the same dose rate of 43.6 rad/h in the lungs at 48 h. RESULTS: Using the MCNP4b code, both the spatial dose distribution and a dose-volume histogram were obtained for the lungs. An administered activity of 1.72 GBq (46.4 mCi) delivered the putative MTD of 27.25 Gy to the lungs with a tumor absorbed dose of 63.7 Gy. Directly applying the Benua-Leeper method, an administered activity of 3.89 GBq (105.0 mCi) was obtained, resulting in tumor and lung absorbed doses of 144.2 and 61.6 Gy, respectively, when the MCNP-based dosimetry was applied. The voxel-by-voxel calculation time of 4,642.3 h for photon transport was reduced to 16.8 h when the activity maps were segmented into 20 regions. CONCLUSION: MCNP4b-based, patient-specific 3D dosimetry is feasible and important in the dosimetry of thyroid cancer patients with avid lung metastases that exhibit prolonged retention in the lungs.