Oral disease in the elderly in long-term hospital care

OBJECTIVE: To obtain baseline information on the prevalence of oral problems and disease in institutionalized elderly in a Scottish hospital.
DESIGN: A cross-sectional clinical investigation with complementary microbiological studies as appropriate. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cohort of 147 elderly in five long-term care wards; collection of demographic data; clinical examination to determine: i) the dental, and denture status and associated lesions such as Candida-associated denture stomatitis and angular cheilitis, ii) oral mucosal disease; swabs as appropriate for microbiology.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dental status, root caries prevalence; denture status and hygiene, and associated disease; oral mucosal health.
RESULTS Median period of institutionalization of 147 patients was 15 months and 65% were aged 80 years or more; the majority were significantly mentally impaired; 52% wore complete dentures, 9% were partially dentate, 19% possessed partial or incomplete dentures; 20% were neither dentate nor had dentures. Of 80 patients who verbalired their complaints, 35% complained of dry mouth and 45% had denture-related problems, principally discomfort. The commonest oral finding was a coated tongue (56%); angular cheilitis was present in 25%, and Candida-associated denture stomatitis in 19%; none had oral ulcers.
CONCLUSIONS: There was considerable unmet dental need with significant oral disease and poor levels of oral and denture hygiene in this target group; both dental and medical professionals should act in concert to deliver curative as well as preventative dental care for the elderly living in institutions to improve their quality of life.     

表皮生长因子在睾丸生精过程中的调节作用

表皮生长因子(Epidermal Growth Factor,EGF)是一种多肽激素,具有多种生物学活性,包括刺激各种上皮细胞的分裂与增殖。在雄性小鼠体内,大量的EGF产生于颌下腺。Tsutsumi指出EGF可能通过刺激生精发生过程中的减数分裂,而对男性生殖功能具有一种生理调节作用。我们通过对成熟与未成熟的小鼠施行颌下腺切除术,并于术后35天,对睾丸生精上皮周期中第7期与第8期的各级生精细胞进行了定量分析,结果显示未成熟小鼠在施行颌下腺切除手术后,生精上皮中各级生精细胞均少于相应的对照组;而成熟期小鼠在施行上述手术后仅A型精原细胞以后的各级生精细胞少于相应的对照组。这表明在精子发生过程中EGF不仅对减数分裂有刺激作用,而且对有丝分裂也有刺激作用。提示在控制精子发生过程中存在一个颌下腺-睾丸轴。     

活血化瘀法治疗慢性湿疹的现代研究与临床应用

慢性湿疹是一种临床上常见的难治性皮肤病,中医认为血虚风燥,湿热蕴积,瘀血阻络是其主要病机,近年来许多研究发现其病程中存在氧自由基的损伤,自由基的大量堆积产生了一系列血瘀的症状,用活血化瘀法能极大的提高慢性湿疹的临床疗效,并为慢性湿疹的治疗提供理论依据和新的思路。     

P79A chemical dataset for evaluation of alternative approaches to skin sensitization testing

In recent years, the local lymph node assay (LLNA) has emerged as a practical option for assessing the skin sensitization potential of chemicals. In addition to accurate identification of skin sensitizers, the LLNA can also provide a reliable measure of relative sensitization potency; information that is pivotal in successful management of human health risks. However, even with the significant animal welfare benefits provided by the LLNA, there is interest still in the development of non‐animal test methods for skin sensitization. Here, we have collected a large dataset of chemicals that have been tested in the LLNA, and the activity of which correspond with what is known of their potential to cause skin sensitization in humans. It is anticipated that this will be of value to other investigators in the evaluation and calibration of novel approaches to skin sensitization testing, in particular for the development of in silico methods. Prerequisite for the development of in silico models is always the availability of a large high quality data set, suitable for modeling. This dataset encompasses both the chemical and biological diversity of known chemical allergens, and provides also examples of negative controls. The data are a collection of published and non‐proprietary industry data. All materials were tested in standard vehicules following the standard LLNA protocol. It is hoped that this dataset will accelerate the development, evaluation and eventual validation of new approaches to skin sensitization testing.     

上海市长宁区160户家庭口腔健康问卷调查与分析

目的 了解上海市长宁区学生和成人的口腔保健知识知晓率、口腔卫生保健行为和求医行为。方法 对2个街道160户家庭进行口腔健康问卷入户调查。结果 学生组口腔保健知识知晓率85.94％,成人组80.23％,两组间存在显著性差异(P<0.05);学生组口腔卫生保健行为掌握率78.47％,成人组75.80％,两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 学生和成人的口腔保健知识知晓率普遍较高,口腔卫生保健意识增强,应继续加强龋病和牙周疾病的一级和二级预防。     

Measurement of vitamin B12-binding proteins of plasma. II. Interpretation of patterns in disease

The technique described in the preceding paper was applied to 12 abnormal sera selected for their increase in one or more B12-binding proteins. Even in the presence of large amounts of R-type binder, the ammonium sulfate technique gave a reliable separation of R binding proteins from TC II. Measurement of the TC II in abnormal sera gave results identical to those obtained by the more standard gel filtration. The R binders of four subjects with myeloproliferative disease were further separated into alpha2-R and alpha1-R. The pattern of B12 binding of polycythemia vera (PV) was an exaggeration of the normal pattern. Binding to alpha2-R was three to four times that to alpha1-R, although the total amounts bound to both were increased. In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), both alpha2-R and alpha1-R were also increased, but in contrast to binding in normal sera, alpha1-R predominated. In order to interpret the findings, either whole serum R or alpha1-R and alpha2-R from patients with myeloproliferative disease were subject to isoelectric focusing. Alpha2-R consisted pricipally of components isoelectric at pH 2.9, 3.0, and 3.1. These components were present in only minor amounts in normal serum and were somewhat increased in the serum of PV. These components were very much increased in the serum of CML and predominated. Alpha2-R consisted of those components isoelectric at pH 3.4,3.6, and 4.0. These components predominated in the unsaturated binding capacity of normal sera and that of PV. It was concluded that the division of plasma R binders into alpha1-R and alpha1-R by the technique described provided information useful in the study of myeloproliferative diseases.     

Functional and morphologic characteristics of the leukemic cells of a patient with acute monocytic leukemia: correlation with clinical features

The clinical course of a patient with acute monocytic leukemia and prominent infiltration of the skin and testes is described. In vitro studies demonstrated that the circulating monocyte precursors were capable of adherence to nylon fibers, and phagocytosis of bacteria and latex particles. In vivo, migration of leukemic cells to skin windows was observed. Extreme nuclear folding, marked surface activity, and morphologic features suggesting nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation were seen by light and electron microscopy. The presence of morphologically and functionally more differentiated monocytic cells may account for the marked tiuuse invasion in this patient and, possibly, in other patients with monocytic leukemia.     

世界卫生组织与热带病防治

简述世界卫生组织之缘起、架构、工作、人事及各区域分署等,及其热带病,例如疟疾、血吸虫、丝虫病、登革热、黑热病、麻风及锥虫病的防治状况。