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51.
52.
Andrea Gibbons Marco Cinnirella Janet Bayfield Christopher J. E. Watson Gabriel C. Oniscu Heather Draper Charles R. V. Tomson Rommel Ravanan Rachel J. Johnson John Forsythe Chris Dudley Wendy Metcalfe J. Andrew Bradley Clare Bradley 《Transplant international》2020,33(10):1230-1243
We examined quality of life (QoL) and other patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in 95 simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplant (SPKT) recipients and 41 patients wait-listed for SPKT recruited to the UK Access to Transplantation and Transplant Outcome Measures (ATTOM) programme. Wait-listed patients transplanted within 12 months of recruitment (n = 22) were followed 12 months post-transplant and compared with those still wait-listed (n = 19) to examine pre- to post-transplant changes. Qualitative interviews with ten SPKT recipients 12 months post-transplant were analysed thematically. Cross-sectional analyses showed several better 12-month outcomes for SPKT recipients compared with those still wait-listed, a trend to better health utilities but no difference in diabetes-specific QoL or diabetes treatment satisfaction. Pre- to post-transplant, SPKT recipients showed improved treatment satisfaction, well-being, self-reported health, generic QoL and less negative impact on renal-specific QoL (ps < 0.05). Health utility values were better overall in transplant recipients and neither these nor diabetes-specific QoL changed significantly in either group. Pre-emptive transplant advantages seen in 12-month cross-sectional analyses disappeared when controlling for baseline values. Qualitative findings indicated diabetes complications, self-imposed blood glucose monitoring and dietary restrictions continued to impact QoL negatively post-transplant. Unrealistic expectations of SPKT caused some disappointment. Measuring condition-specific PROMs over time will help in demonstrating the benefits and limitations of SPKT. 相似文献
53.
Antibiotic-resistant pathogens are increasingly more prevalent and problematic. Traditional antibiotics are no longer a viable option for dealing with these multidrug-resistant microbes and so new approaches are needed. Bacteriophage-derived proteins such as endolysins could offer one effective solution. Endolysins are bacteriophage-encoded peptidoglycan hydrolases that act to lyse bacterial cells by targeting their cell’s wall, particularly in Gram-positive bacteria due to their naturally exposed peptidoglycan layer. These lytic enzymes have received much interest from the scientific community in recent years for their specificity, mode of action, potential for engineering, and lack of resistance mechanisms. Over the past decade, a renewed interest in endolysin therapy has led to a number of successful applications. Recombinant endolysins have been shown to be effective against prominent pathogens such as MRSA, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus strains in biofilm formation, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Endolysins have also been studied in combination with other antimicrobials, giving a synergistic effect. Although endolysin therapy comes with some regulatory and logistical hurdles, the future looks promising, with the emergence of engineered “next-generation” lysins. This review will focus on the likelihood that endolysins will become a viable new antimicrobial therapy and the challenges that may have to be overcome along the way. 相似文献
54.
55.
Maternal administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor improves neonatal rat survival after a lethal group B streptococcal infection 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Novales JS; Salva AM; Modanlou HD; Kaplan DL; del Castillo J; Andersen J; Medlock ES 《Blood》1993,81(4):923-927
Maternally administered recombinant human granulocyte colony- stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) has been shown to cross the placenta and induce a peripheral neutrophilia and increases in the marrow and spleen neutrophil storage pools in fetal and newborn rats. In the present study, we have used this model system to investigate the efficacy of prenatally administered rhG-CSF on neonatal defense to a lethal challenge with Group B-beta hemolytic Streptococcus (GBS). Pregnant rats were injected with rhG-CSF twice daily beginning 6 days before parturition. At birth, all pups were infected with a dose of GBS that is lethal for 90% of infected pups (LD90). Survival was monitored daily for 5 days. Survival of infected pups from saline-treated mothers beyond 60 hours after infection was 10%. No difference in survival was observed among pups from mothers treated 2 and 4 days before parturition. In contrast, we determined that survival was 82.5% among infected pups from mothers treated for 6 days before parturition with rhG-CSF. Our results demonstrate that maternal administration of rhG- CSF augments neonatal defenses against a lethal bacterial challenge. 相似文献
56.
Dvorak AM; Tepper RI; Weller PF; Morgan ES; Estrella P; Monahan-Earley RA; Galli SJ 《Blood》1994,83(12):3600-3612
We used light and electron microscopy to analyze the eyelid inflammation that develops in transgenic mice that overexpress interleukin-4 (IL-4; Tepper et al, Cell 62:457, 1990). Analysis of alkaline Giemsa-stained plastic sections examined by light microscopy (Dvorak et al, J Exp Med 132:558, 1970), as well as by routine transmission electron microscopy, indicated that the mast cells in the inflammatory eyelid lesions were undergoing piecemeal degranulation, a form of secretion in which the cells' cytoplasmic granules exhibit characteristic morphologic changes that are thought to be associated with the prolonged, vesicle-mediated release of the granules' constituents. Moreover, by using a newly reported enzyme affinity-gold method, which stains histamine based on binding to diamine oxidase-gold (Dvorak et al, J Histochem Cytochem 41:787, 1993), we show that these activated mast cells had released much of their histamine content. The eyelid lesions also exhibited increased numbers of mast cells; interstitial fibrosis, particularly around cutaneous nerves and blood vessels; activated fibroblasts; focal axonal damage; venules with endothelial cells containing numerous vesiculo-vacuolar organelles; and infiltrates of neutrophils and eosinophils. Our findings illustrate that overexpression of the IL-4 gene in vivo can result in eyelid lesions associated with piecemeal degranulation of mast cells, as well as tissue fibrosis and a variety of other pathologic changes. These results also represent the first direct morphologic evidence for histamine secretion by mast cells in vivo. 相似文献
57.
Marina Angélica MARCIANO Roberto Brand?o GARCIA Bruno Cavalini CAVENAGO Paloma Gagliardi MINOTTI Raquel Zanin MIDENA Bruno Martini GUIMAR?ES Ronald ORDINOLA-ZAPATA Marco Antonio Hungaro DUARTE 《Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB》2014,22(4):268-273
Objectives
To investigate if there is a relation between the increase of bismuth oxide and the decrease of pH levels and an intensification of toxicity in the Portland cement.Material and Methods
White Portland cement (WPC) was mixed with 0, 15, 20, 30 and 50% bismuth oxide, in weight. For the pH level test, polyethylene tubes were filled with the cements and immersed in Milli-Q water for 15, 30 and 60 days. After each period, the increase of the pH level was assessed. For the biocompatibility, two polyethylene tubes filled with the cements were implanted in ninety albino rats (n=6). The analysis of the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate was performed after 15, 30 and 60 days. The statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn and Friedman tests for the pH level and the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests for the biological analysis (p<0.05).Results
The results showed an increase of the pH level after 15 days, followed by a slight increase after 30 days and a decrease after 60 days. There were no significant statistical differences among the groups (p>0.05). For the inflammatory infiltrates, no significant statistical differences were found among the groups in each period (p>0.05). The 15% WPC showed a significant decrease of the inflammatory infiltrate from 15 to 30 and 60 days (p<0.05).Conclusions
The addition of bismuth oxide into Portland cement did not affect the pH level and the biological response. The concentration of 15% of bismuth oxide resulted in significant reduction in inflammatory response in comparison with the other concentrations evaluated. 相似文献58.
Livia Picchi COMAR Beatriz Martines de SOUZA Larissa Tercilia GRIZZO Marília Afonso Rabelo BUZALAF Ana Carolina MAGALH?ES 《Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB》2014,22(2):138-143
Fluoride varnishes play an important role in the prevention of dental caries,
promoting the inhibition of demineralization and the increase of
remineralization.
Objective
This study aimed to analyze the amount of fluoride released into water and artificial saliva from experimental TiF4 and NaF varnishes, with different concentrations, for 12 h.Material and Methods
Fluoride varnishes were applied on acrylic blocks and then immersed in 10 ml of deionized water and artificial saliva in polystyrene bottles. The acrylic blocks were divided in seven groups (n=10): 1.55% TiF4 varnish (0.95% F, pH 1.0); 3.10% TiF4 varnish (1.90% F, pH 1.0); 3.10% and 4% TiF4 varnish (2.45% F, pH 1.0); 2.10% NaF varnish (0.95% F, pH 5.0); 4.20% NaF varnish (1.90% F, pH 5.0); 5.42% NaF varnish (2.45% F, pH 5.0) and control (no treatment, n=5). The fluoride release was analyzed after 1/2, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h of exposure. The analysis was performed using an ion-specific electrode coupled to a potentiometer. Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni''s test were applied for the statistical analysis (p<0.05).Results
TiF4 varnishes released larger amounts of fluoride than NaF varnishes during the first 1/2 h, regardless of their concentration; 4% TiF4 varnish released more fluoride than NaF varnishes for the first 6 h. The peak of fluoride release occurred at 3 h. There was a better dose-response relationship among the varnishes exposed to water than to artificial saliva.Conclusions
The 3.10% and 4% TiF4 -based varnishes have greater ability to release fluoride into water and artificial saliva compared to NaF varnish; however, more studies must be conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of TiF4 varnish on tooth surface. 相似文献59.
Leslie Caroll CASAS-APAYCO Vanessa Manzini DREIBI Ana Carolina HIPóLITO Márcia Sirlene Zardin GRAEFF Daniela RIOS Ana Carolina MAGALH?ES Marília Afonso Rabelo BUZALAF Linda WANG 《Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB》2014,22(5):434-441
Objective
This study aimed to assess the impact of in vitro erosion provoked by different cola-based drinks (Coke types), associated or not with toothbrushing, to bonding to enamel.Material and Methods
Fifty-six bovine enamel specimens were prepared and randomly assigned into seven groups (N=8): C- Control (neither eroded nor abraded), ERO-RC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Regular Coke (RC), ERO-LC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Light Coke (LC), ERO-ZC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Zero Coke (ZC) and three other eroded groups, subsequently abraded for 1-minute toothbrushing (EROAB-RC, EROAB-LC and EROAB-ZC, respectively). After challenges, they were stored overnight in artificial saliva for a total of 24 hours and restored with Adper Single Bond 2/Filtek Z350. Buildup coronal surfaces were cut in 1 mm2 -specimens and subjected to a microtensile test. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA/Bonferroni tests (α=0.05). Failure modes were assessed by optical microscopy (X40). The interface of the restorations were observed using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM).Results
All tested cola-based drinks significantly reduced the bond strength, which was also observed in the analyses of interfaces. Toothbrushing did not have any impact on the bond strength. CLSM showed that except for Zero Coke, all eroded specimens resulted in irregular hybrid layer formation.Conclusions
All cola-based drinks reduced the bond strength. Different patterns of hybrid layers were obtained revealing their impact, except for ZC. 相似文献60.
Brian Draper 《International journal of geriatric psychiatry》1996,11(7):577-587
Studies of attempted suicide (parasuicide, deliberate self-harm) in old age published between 1985 and 1994 are critically reviewed with reference to demography, suicide methods, stressors, psychiatric features and outcome. Despite methodological weaknesses, the studies consistently identified a number of factors long regarded as being associated with suicidal behaviour in old age. These include being unmarried, social isolation, impaired physical health, high suicidal intent and mental illness (particularly major depression). In contrast to earlier research, recent studies have found relationship problems to be a prominent factor. However, in the past decade there has been inadequate examination of psychosocial precipitants, motivations and psychopathology and the manner in which these factors interact. The possibilities of the psychological trait of hopelessness and the biological trait of low central serotonergic activity being linked with suicide attempts in the elderly require further research. Future studies should be prospective, longitudinal, use standardized measures, matched control groups and include evaluations of post-suicide attempt interventions, hopelessness and central serotonergic activity. 相似文献