Quantifying Tectonic and Geomorphic Interpretations of Thermochronometer Data with Inverse Problem Theory

Thermochronometer data offer a powerful tool for quantifying a wide range of geologic processes, such as the deformation and erosion of mountain ranges, topographic evolution, and hydrocarbon maturation. With increasing interest to quantify a wider range of complicated geologic processes, more sophisticated techniques are needed. This paper is concerned with an inverse problem method for interpreting the thermochronometer data quantitatively. Two novel models are proposed to simulate the crustal thermal fields and paleo mountain topography as a function of tectonic and surface processes. One is a heat transport model that describes the change of temperature of rocks; while the other is surface process model which explains the change of mountain topography. New computational algorithms are presented for solving the inverse problem of the coupled system of these two models. The model successfully provides a new tool for reconstructing the kinematic and the topographic history of mountains.     

单光子发射计算机断层扫描在颅脑创伤后的临床研究

目的 探索单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECF）在脑外伤评估及预后方面的价值的依据。方法 28例中、重度颅脑损伤患者分别于伤后3天、10天及3～4周接受SPECF、CT检查及临床评定。3个月后所有患者行脑外伤综合征的临床测试，对首检SPECF显像阳性者复查SPECF，分析首检SPECF显像阳性者与损伤程度的关系，动态观察SPECF显像与预后的关系。结果 SPECF显像阳性与脑损伤程度有关，首检SPECF显像阳性提示预后良好，复查SPECF显像阳性提示多出现脑外伤综合征。对幕上损伤患者表现的小脑症状、体征可以做出合理的解释。结论 在中至重度颅脑损伤后SPECF显像与CT扫描比较更敏感，脑SPECF具有无创性、功能性及灵敏性高等特点，是脑外伤后功能评估、预后判断及临床研究的可靠方法。     

血管束骨内移植治疗青少年股骨头缺血性坏死

血供并有利于股骨头复原.     

围绝经期及绝经后女性性功能障碍状况及与更年期症状的关系分析

目的 调查围绝经期及绝经后女性性功能障碍状况,分析更年期症状对女性性功能障碍（female sexual dysfunction,FSD）的影响。方法 选取2019年6月至2019年10月在首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院内分泌科就诊的40岁以上女性180例进行问卷调查,根据生殖衰老分期研讨会（Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop,STRAW+10）标准将研究对象分为4组：绝经过渡早期（A组）、绝经过渡晚期（B组）、绝经后期早期（C组）、绝经后期晚期（D组）。应用改良Kupperman评分表（Modified Kupperman Index,KMI）评价女性更年期症状;女性性功能指数（Female Sexual Function Index,FSFI）量表评价女性性功能障碍。结果 随着生殖衰老分期的提高,4组患者的年龄中位数逐渐增大,从45.5岁提高到57.0岁;与伴侣共同生活时间的年限中位数从20年增加到23.5年,性生活的间隔时间中位数从7 d增加到15 d;KMI中位数从9.5分提高到15分（P<0.05）。随着生殖衰老分期的升高,FSD和性欲障碍、性唤起障碍、阴道湿润障碍、性高潮障碍、性满意度障碍和性交痛的患病率均明显升高（P<0.05）。FSD和性欲障碍、性唤起障碍、阴道湿润障碍、性高潮障碍、性满意度障碍和性交痛的患病率随更年期症状的严重程度提高而升高（P<0.05）。结论 随着女性生殖衰老分期的提高,FSD的患病率明显升高。出现更年期症状以及其严重程度是40岁以上女性发生FSD的重要影响因素,应积极治疗更年期症状以提高女性的生活质量。     

体外循环和非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术中 患者脑氧饱和度的变化趋势分析

目的 探讨体外循环和非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术中患者脑氧饱和度（rScO2）的变化趋势。 方法 前瞻性选取2018 年2 月—2019 年6 月在上海市第一人民医院择期行冠状动脉旁路移植术的105 例患 者。其中,56 例接受非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）,49 例患者接受体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植 术（CCABG）。术中分别选择T0 ～ T9 10 个时间点检测rScO2,另外记录术后7 d 内术后认知功能障碍（POCD） 发生率。结果 CCABG 组患者手术时间长于OPCAB 组（P <0.05）,术中最低鼻咽温和红细胞比容（HCT） 低于OPCAB 组（P <0.05）,术中最高血糖（Glu）和血乳酸（Lac）高于OPCAB 组（P <0.05）;但是两组术 中最低rScO2 比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。两组rScO2 在不同时间、组间、变化趋势上有差别（P <0.05）。 CCABG 组rScO2 与鼻咽温、Lac 呈正相关（r =0.229 和0.283,P =0.005 和0.002）,而OPCAB 组rScO2 只 与Lac 呈正相关（r =0.214,P =0.010）。OPCAB 组和CCABG 组POCD 发生率分别为39.29%（22/56）和 32.65%（16/49）,且CCABG 组POCD 患者最低rScO2 低于非POCD 患者（P <0.05）。结论 虽然OPCAB 与CCABG 术中患者rScO2 变化趋势有差异,但是rScO2 可能不是影响术后早期POCD 发生的主要原因。     

Effects of Tongxinluo-facilitated cellular cardiomyoplasty with autologous bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells on postinfarct swine hearts

Background  Treatment of ischemic heart disease remains an important challenge, though there have been enormous progresses in cardiovascular therapeutics. This study was conducted to evaluate whether Tongxinluo (TXL) treatment around the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can improve survival and subsequent activities of implanted cells in swine hearts with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and reperfusion.
Methods  Twenty-eight Chinese mini-pigs were divided into four groups including a control group (n=7); group 2, administration of low-dose TXL alone from the 3rd day prior to AMI to the 4th day post transplantation (n=7); group 3, MSCs alone (n=7) and group 4, TXL + MSCs (n=7). AMI models were made by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 90 minutes. Autologous bone marrow-MSCs (3×10⁷ cells/animal) were then injected into the post-infarct myocardium immediately after AMI and reperfusion. The survival and differentiation of implanted cells in vivo were detected by immunofluorescent analysis. The data of cardiac function were obtained at baseline (1 week after transplantation) and endpoint (6 weeks after transplantation) by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay and the oxidative stress level was investigated in the post-infarct myocardium at endpoint.
Results  At endpoint, there was less fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration with more surviving myocardium in group 4 than in the control group. In group 4 the survival and differentiation of implanted MSCs were significantly improved more than that seen in group 3 alone (P<0.0001); the capillary density was also significantly greater than in the control group, group 2 or 3 both in the infarcted zone (P<0.0001) and the peri-infarct zone (P<0.0001). MRI showed that parameters at baseline were not significantly different between the 4 groups. At endpoint, regional wall thickening and the left ventricular ejection fraction were increased while the left ventricular mass index, dyskinetic segments and infarcted size were decreased only in group 4 compared with control group (P<0.0001). SPECT showed that the area of perfusion defect was significantly decreased at endpoint only in group 4 compared with control group (P<0.0001). TUNEL assay indicated that TXL administration significantly decreased cell apoptosis in peri-infarct myocardium in groups 2 and 4. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly increased and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased in groups 2 and 4 by the administration of TXL.
Conclusions  Our study demonstrates the following: (1) immediate intramyocardial injection of MSCs after AMI and reperfusion resulted in limited survival and differentiation potential of implanted cells in vivo, thus being incapable of beneficially affecting post-hearts; (2) TXL-facilitation resulted in a significant survival and differentiation potential of implanted cells in vivo via inhibition of apoptosis and oxidative stress, accompanied by significant benefits in cardiac function.

     

甲钴胺及叶酸治疗对2型糖尿病同型半胱氨酸硫内酯解酶活性和血浆同型半胱氨酸水平的影响

目的 探讨甲钴胺、叶酸治疗对2型糖尿病患者血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）及同型半胱氨酸硫内酯解酶（HTase／PON）活性的影响。方法 2型糖尿病患者120例,分为4组,每组30例,组Ⅰ：无干预对照组;组Ⅱ：给予叶酸5mg口服,1次／日;组Ⅲ：给予甲钴胺500μg肌注,17欠／日;组Ⅳ：给予叶酸5mg＋甲钴胺500μg肌注,1次／日;治疗2周。结果 干预组血浆Hcy水平比治疗前均显著下降（P〈0．05）,分别下降为组Ⅳ37．3％,组Ⅲ21．7％,组Ⅱ14．0％,组Ⅰ2．8％（F=28．894P=0．000）;血清HTase／PON活性均显著升高（均P〈0．05）,分别升高为组Ⅳ17．6％,组Ⅱ8．0％．组Ⅲ3．4％,组Ⅰ2．7％（F=36．100,P=0．000）。结论 甲钴胺降低血浆Hcy作用显著;联合用药对Hcy及HTase／PON的作用显著优于单独用药。叶酸可能通过其抗氧化特性间接影响HTase／PON活性。     

中医学扶正祛邪治则:预防和治疗病毒感染性疾病和抗病毒药物设计的一个新策略

扶正祛邪是中医临床一个常用的治疗法则,无论在外感还是内伤性疾病中都有重要的应用。中医学长期的临床实践表明,在感染或内伤性疾病的特定阶段(中医临床辨证属正虚邪实者),按照扶正祛邪治则配伍组方治疗,往往能收到良好的治疗效果。分析了中医学扶正祛邪治则的理论渊源、应用和现代研究现状,接着研究了病毒感染性疾病、病毒免疫学、抗病毒药物的研究现状、抗病毒药物研究遇到的困难,在此基础上提出基于中医学扶正祛邪治则,从病毒和病毒免疫学相互关系出发的抗病毒新药设计的新思路。     

白芍总苷对柯萨奇B3病毒感染大鼠原代心肌细胞的血清药理学干预

目的探讨白芍总苷（TGP）对柯萨奇B3病毒（CVB3）感染大鼠原代心肌细胞有无保护作用。方法取SD乳鼠心室肌制备大鼠原代心肌细胞,培养72h后,用不同剂量的TGP含药血清干预100 TCID50 CVB3感染心肌细胞,对比分析干扰素组、双黄连组、正常对照组。观察细胞病变,24h后测定细胞上清液中的cTnⅠ、CK、LDH以及用MTT法检测细胞存活率。结果TGP高剂量组可减轻心肌细胞病变,减少cTnⅠ、CK、LDH的释放。结论TGP对CVB3感染大鼠原代心肌细胞有保护作用。