美国监狱中的艾滋病管理

监狱中聚集着大量艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染高危险的人群,监狱管理者必须面临着各种各样艾滋病相关的问题,包括对HIV感染者合适的医疗保健、保护其他囚犯和监狱管理人员免于感染、保证HIV感染者不会受到歧视、确定合适的HIV筛查范围、平衡资源等复杂问题。同时高危个体非常聚集的监狱也为监狱和公共卫生官员对艾滋病的总体预防和控制提供了前所未有的机会。在美国,通过控制监狱中的高危行为、加强对囚犯和监管官员艾滋病的日常教育、实施系统化的检测、治疗和释放前规划,促进公共卫生和监狱官员的合作,从而对限制HIV在更广范围内的传播(不仅是监狱环境)产生良好的效果。     

Giant hydronephrosis presenting as unilateral iliofemoral vein thrombosis

We report a case of left iliofemoral vein thrombosis with extension to the inferior vena cava associated with giant right hydronephrosis secondary to ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Surgery revealed marked infrarenal vena caval compression and deviation to the left side caused by the dilated right renal pelvis, with resultant kinking of the origin of the left iliac vein. It is postulated that the reduction in blood flow caused by this compression and distortion predisposed this patient to venous thrombosis.     

Electromyographic biofeedback in the treatment of voluntary posterior instability of the shoulder

Three cases of voluntary posterior instability of the shoulder are presented. They have all responded well to a program of electromyographic monitored biofeedback. This method offers a means of enhancing the results of nonoperative treatment.