Micropatterns of Non‐Circular Droplets of Nanostructured PS‐b‐PEO Copolymer by Solvent‐Assisted Wetting on a Chemically Periodic Surface

A method to fabricate micropatterns of non‐circular droplets of a self‐assembled block copolymer by solvent‐assisted wetting on chemically periodic surface is presented. The block copolymer is dewetted on a topographic pre‐pattern to form an array of microdroplets with a sphere‐capped shape and circular contact line. The droplets are then transferred onto a chemically periodic Au line pattern microcontact‐printed with two types of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs). Solvent vapor application provides sufficient mobility to the block copolymer molecules to induce spreading of the transferred droplets, resulting in two types of non‐circular microdroplet growth. The growth behavior depends on the size of initial droplets relative to periodic line width and on the initial registries of as‐transferred droplets.     

Clinical Efficacy of Cervical Length and Volume for Prediction of Labor Onset in VBAC Candidates

Background: The purpose of this research is to discover whether measurement of cervical length and cervical volume at term is helpful in predicting the onset of labor in VBAC candidates.Methods: Transvaginal sonographic evaluations of the cervixes of pregnant women who desired to undergo VBAC were performed between 36 - 40 weeks gestation. Clinical information such as labor onset time, gestational age at delivery and delivery mode was gathered from medical records.Results: A total of 514 pregnant women participated in this study. Cervical length was significantly longer in the group that delivered 7 days or more after measurement than in the group that delivered within 7 days of measurement (43±0.77 cm vs. 2.99±0.72 cm, p< 0.001). Cervical volume was significantly larger in the group that delivered at and after 7 days than in the group that delivered within 7 days (29.21±11.62 cm³ vs. 34.07±13.41 cm³, p=0.014). The cervical length ROC curve was significantly more predictive than the cervical volume ROC curve (AUC: 0.711 vs 0.594, p= 0.001). There were no significant differences between the combined cervical length/volume ROC curve and the cervical length ROC curve alone (p= 0.565). The AUC of the cervical length ROC curve to predict postterm pregnancy was 0.729.Conclusion: Measuring cervical length is helpful in predicting the onset of spontaneous labor within 7 days and posterm delivery in VBAC candidates.     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死实行绿色通道的经验分析

目的:总结对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死实行急诊绿色通道诊治的经验并分析影响其运行的主要因素.方法:回顾性总结2009-01-12期间对136例急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的诊断现状及实行急诊绿色通道给予急诊介入,静脉溶栓或药物保守治疗等情况以及患者的院内预后情况;并对急诊绿色通道的影响因素进行分析.结果:136例患者中,从症状发作-入院时间平均为112 min;128例(94%)能得到及时准确的诊断,8例被漏诊;入急诊室到完成首份心电图时间平均为2.8 min;103例实施经皮冠状动脉介入术,入院到球囊扩张时间为(85±14)min;6例实行急诊溶栓治疗,从入院至溶栓时间为(35±8)min;27例实行药物保守治疗,其中8例因患者家属签字拒绝急诊介入或溶栓.127例病情好转出院,9例院内死亡.结论:绝大多数急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者能够得到及时准确的诊断并通过急诊绿色通道得到及时的再灌注治疗,影响绿色通道运行的主要因素包括:患者及家属对急性心肌梗死的发病特点和治疗方法认识不足及急诊医师或心血管医师的漏诊.     

Design,synthesis and biological evaluation of novel quinoline [4,3-b]chromene derivatives as AChE inhibitors through an efficient one-pot,four-component microwave-mediated reaction

An efficient synthesis of chromeno[4,3-b]quinoline derivatives via one-pot, four-component reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin, formaldehyde, cyclohexanedione, ammonium ceric nitrate under microwave irradiation was accomplished. The structures of these compounds were unambiguously confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the anti-AChE activities of these compounds in vitro were investigated at concentrations of 20 μM and 50 μM by using a standard Ellman’s method. The relationship of inhibitory activities and structures of these chromeno [4,3-b]quinolines was also systematically studied. Of all the compounds investigated, 4ag emerged as the most potent AChE inhibitor with IC₅₀ values of 5.63 µM, and it might be used as potent lead for the development anti-AChE agents. Moreover, molecular modelling was conducted to understand the optimal interaction of AChE with these types of compounds.     

Melatonin improves insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis through attenuation of alpha‐2‐HS‐glycoprotein

Melatonin plays an important role in regulating circadian rhythms. It also acts as a potent antioxidant and regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, although the exact action mechanism is not clear. The α2‐HS‐glycoprotein gene (AHSG) and its protein, fetuin‐A (FETUA), are one of the hepatokines and are known to be associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine whether melatonin improves hepatic insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in a FETUA‐dependent manner. In HepG2 cells treated with 300 μmol/L of palmitic acid, phosphorylated AKT expression decreased, and FETUA expression increased, but this effect was inhibited by treatment with 10 μmol/L of melatonin. However, melatonin did not improve insulin resistance in FETUA‐overexpressing cells, indicating that improvement in insulin resistance by melatonin was dependent on downregulation of FETUA. Moreover, melatonin decreased palmitic acid‐induced ER stress markers, CHOP, Bip, ATF‐6, XBP‐1, ATF‐4, and PERK. In addition, in the high‐fat diet (HFD) mice, oral treatment with 100 mg/kg/day melatonin for 10 weeks reduced body weight gain to one‐third of that of the HFD group and hepatic steatosis. Insulin sensitivity and glucose intolerance improved with the upregulation of muscle p‐AKT protein expression. FETUA expression and ER stress markers in the liver and serum of HFD mice were decreased by melatonin treatment. In conclusion, melatonin can improve hepatic insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis through reduction in ER stress and the resultant AHSG expression.     

中医院临床护士科研现状及应用科研成果状况调查与对策

目的 了解中医院护士科研现状及应用科研成果状况.方法 对260名三级甲等中医院临床护士科研现状及应用科研成果状况进行问卷调查.结果 护士科研参与率及科研成果应用率均较低,影响护士应用科研成果的因素按得分高低依次排列为传播因素、机构因素、研究因素及护士因素.结论 中医院临床护士参与科研及应用科研成果不足,客观因素是影响护士应用科研成果的主要因素,护理管理人员应建设支持性的专业实践环境,注重护士科研能力及信息能力的培训,提高护士的科研素质及应用科研成果指导中医护理临床实践的能力.     

Optimization of voriconazole dosage regimen to improve the efficacy in patients with invasive fungal disease by pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis

Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. To maximize the efficacy of voriconazole treatment, the study established the relationship between voriconazole pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) and probability of response and optimized voriconazole dosage regimen in patients with IFD based on Monte Carlo simulation. Forty‐four patients proven with IFD were involved in this study. Among them, the overall cure rate was 75% (33/44) and there was a significant difference between C_min/MIC values in patients with lack of response (n = 11) and those with successful response (n = 33) (mean value: 1.91 vs. 11.33; P < 0.05). Logistic regression model showed a high correlation between voriconazole C_min/MIC ratio and clinical response (P = 0.044, OR = 1.349). According to Monte Carlo simulation results under different voriconazole dosing regimens, we could draw a conclusion that 200 mg voriconazole administered intravenously or orally twice daily for Candida infections and 300 mg administered orally or with 200 mg administered intravenously twice daily for Aspergillus infections were rational, which could achieve a value of the cumulative fraction of response >90%. This study built the relationship between voriconazole PK/PD and clinical response and obtained the reasonable empirical dosage regimen, which can be used to customize individual dosage regimen and improve the efficacy of voriconazole treatment.