大型医学图像存储系统的设计

本文讨论了构建医院放射科PACS系统中的关键技术之一(超大容量医学图像的存储和备份理)，并在此基础上给出了一个符合我国中小型医院实情的图像存储系统方案。通过对该方案的设计及测试，此方案在保证数据安全的前提下，具有较高的稳定性及可扩展性。     

雄激素剥夺条件下阻断自噬增加LNCaP细胞凋亡

Objective To investigate the change of apoptosis in LNCaP cells after inhibition of autophagic process under androgen removal conditions. Methods The autophagic level was deter-mined by using confocal microscopy and RT-PCR. The DAPI staining was used to indicate the apopto-sis of LNCaP cells after inhibition of autophagic by 3-MA. Also, Z-VAD-FMK was used to extend the apoptosis results. Results ①Androgen deprivation led to increased autophagy in LNCaP cells. LN-CaP cells cultured in complete medium(CM) presented low autophagic process with 1.9 scores. After 24 hours, the punetate GFP-LC3 structures were accumulated in the cells cultured in serum-free medi-um (SF)(2.64 scores). In contrast, the number of punctate GFP-LC3 remained at a very low level (1.85 scores), when cells were incubated with DHT in SFA(serum-free medium+DHT). Statistical analysis showed the significant difference between SF and SFA (P<0.01). Semiquantitative RT-PCR was employed to examine the mRNA expression of LC3. Indeed, cells grown in the medium without serum had a higher LC3 mRNA expression with the highest at 12 hour time point as compared with the cells grown in CM. DHT treatment reduced the level of LC3 mRNA. ②Blockage of autophagy by 3-MA increased the apoptosis of LNCaP cells. LNCaP cells in SF and SFA just presented a basal level of apoptosis, which is (3.19±1.09)% and (3.01±0.33)% , respectively. Under androgen-free con-ditions, inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA could increase apoptosis significantly(10. 90±2.91%). While Z-VAD-FMK, a pan Caspase inhibitor, was able to suppress this apoptotic process to the level of (1.16±0.52)%, which was statistically significant(P<0.01). Conclusions Androgen removal can lead to the increase of autophagy in LNCaP cells. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy promotes the occurrence of apoptosis.     

Behavioral profile and dorsal hippocampal cells in carioca high-conditioned freezing rats

Selection for contextual fear conditioning is an important behavioral paradigm for studying the role of genetic variables and their interaction with the surrounding environment in the etiology and development of anxiety disorders. Recently, a new line of animals selectively bred for high levels of freezing in response to contextual cues previously associated with footshock was developed from a Wistar population. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the emotional and cognitive aspects of this new line of animals, which has been named Carioca High-Freezing (CHF). For the characterization of anxious behavior, CHF and control animals were tested in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and the social interaction test. CHF animals were significantly more anxious than control rats in terms of both the number of entries into EPM open arms and the percentage of time spent in these arms. The time spent in social interaction behavior was also significantly decreased. No statistical differences were found in locomotor activity, as measured by both the number of entries into the closed arms of the EPM and the number of crossings into the social interaction test arena. No differences between CHF and control groups were found in the depression forced swimming test, suggesting that the anxiety trait selected in the CHF line did not interact with affective disorders traits such as those for depression. Cognitive aspects of the CHF rats were evaluated in the object recognition task. Results from this test indicated no difference between the two groups. The present study also encompassed histological analysis of the dorsal hippocampus from CHF and control animals. Results revealed an absence of qualitative and quantitative differences between these two groups of animals in cells located in the dentate gyrus, CA1, and CA3 areas. Therefore, future studies are required to further investigate the possible neural mechanisms involved in the origin and development of the anxious phenotype observed in this model.     

监督机制的概念解析与模式选择

监督机制是指社会监督系统内部及各构成要素相互作用的关系及其运行方式 ;监督制度、监督体制都不能等同于监督机制 ,监督制度和监督体制都只是监督机制的构成要素。监督机制因监督系统内部各要素质量的优劣、各要素间相互作用之关系的优劣 ,也呈优劣之分。监督模式的选择 ,是监督机制优化的重要途径之一。为顺应现代民主、现代法治的发展趋势 ,遵循监督的规律 ,我国应选择以权利监督为主 ,以权力监督、道德监督为辅的监督模式     

A time–motion study of digital radiography at implementation

With increasing budgetary restraints on the health system, it is apparent that the main contribution that radiology departments can make to significant cost reduction in hospitals is to decrease the length of time between requesting an X-ray examination and receiving the report (and images). Digital radiography (DR) was introduced into the Radiology Department at the Royal Adelaide Hospital as a pilot project to research the cost–benefits and efficiency of the system, and to determine future directions for planning a digital department. The business plan developed prior to implementation of this pilot project predicted a saving of one bed-day per inpatient when a fully digital department with a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) is installed. This initial study comparing DR and conventional radiography (convR) provides baseline data and shows encouraging results for more rapid transmission of reports to clinicians.     

长效促性腺激素释放激素类似物治疗转移性前列腺癌的有效性和安全性

目的 评价长效促性腺激素释放激素类似物(GnRHa)曲普瑞林11.25 mg 3个月缓释剂型治疗转移性前列腺癌的安全性和有效性.方法 2004年1月至2006年3月对127例符合入选标准的患者进行随机、平行对照、多中心研究.65例接受曲普瑞林11.25 mg剂型治疗,62例患者接受常规剂型3.75 mg治疗,观察期3个月.观察治疗前后血清总前列腺特异性抗原(TPSA)、前列腺体积、睾酮、卵泡刺激素、黄体生成索、泌乳素和雌二醇水平,并对两组的变化情况进行比较.同时观察骨转移灶变化情况以及其他转移灶的变化情况.严密观察和记录治疗过程中的不良事件,进行安全性评价.结果 治疗后两组TPSA水平较治疗前均有明显的下降.但两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.601).治疗结束时,研究组和对照组分别有78.6%和75.5的患者血清TPSA水平比基线值下降90%以上(P=0.700).治疗后两组患者前列腺体积均明显减小,但组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).治疗后两组患者血清睾酮达去势水平,两组比较其差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组不良事件发生率分别为13.8%和17.7%,组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.547).结论 曲普瑞林11.25mg治疗转移性前列腺癌疗效和安全性与曲普瑞林3.75 mg相似,是一种安全、有效的新型长效缓释GnRHa类药物.     

A new life-long hemorrhagic disorder due to excess plasminogen activator

A life-long bleeding disorder is described, characterized by hemorrhage occurring after surgery, injury, or dental extraction, and finally by spontaneous intracerebral bleeding. No abnormality of platelet function or plasma coagulation was demonstrable, but grossly enhanced overall fibrinolytic activity was present. The patient had, additionally, a hyperlipidemia with gross arterial atheroma and a family history of myocardial infarction but not of any hemorrhagic disorder. Laboratory studies led to the conclusion that the enhanced fibrinolysis was due to consistently greatly raised levels of a plasma plasminogen activator physically and immunologically related to that in human tissues and blood vessel endothelium. No deficiency of any known inhibitor of fibrinolysis was detected. Free plasmin was not detectable in functional assays but continuous intravascular plasmin generation clearly occurred as evidenced by presence of plasmin-alpha 2- antiplasmin complexes and of fibrin/fibrinogen-related antigens. Excessive production of plasminogen activator appeared to have occurred throughout life and to be independent of the hyperlipidemia. The pathologically increased fibrinolytic activity may have accounted for the complete absence of detectable thrombotic vascular occlusion at autopsy despite extensive arterial disease with severe narrowing of coronary and cerebral arteries.