Non-operative management of right side thoracoabdominal penetrating injuries—The value of testing chest tube effluent for bile

Introduction

While mandatory surgery for all thoracoabdominal penetrating injuries is advocated by some, the high rate of unnecessary operations challenges this approach. However, the consequences of intrathoracic bile remains poorly investigated. We sought to evaluate the outcome of patients who underwent non-operative management of right side thoracoabdominal (RST) penetrating trauma, and the levels of bilirubin obtained from those patients’ chest tube effluent.

Patients and methods

We managed non-operatively all stable patients with a single RST penetrating injury. Chest tube effluent samples were obtained six times within (4-8 h; 12-16 h; 20-24 h; 28-32 h; 36-40 h; 48 h and 72 h) of admission for bilirubin measurement and blood for complete blood count, bilirubin, alanine (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferases (AST) assays. For comparison we studied patients with single left thoracic penetrating injury.

Results

Forty-two patients with RST injuries were included. All had liver and lung injuries confirmed by CT scans. Only one patient failed non-operative management. Chest tube bilirubin peaked at 48 h post-trauma (mean 3.3 ± 4.1 mg/dL) and was always higher than both serum bilirubin (p < 0.05) and chest tube effluent from control group (27 patients with left side thoracic trauma). Serum ALT and AST were higher in RST injury patients (p < 0.05). One RST injury patient died of line sepsis.

Conclusion

Non-operative management of RST penetrating trauma appears to be safe. Bile originating from the liver injury reaches the right thoracic cavity but does not reflect the severity of that injury. The highest concentration was found in the patient failing non-operative management. The presence of intrathoracic bile in selected patients who sustain RST penetrating trauma, with liver injury, does not preclude non-operative management. Our study suggests that monitoring chest tube effluent bilirubin may provide helpful information when managing a patient non-operatively.     

多层螺旋CT联合纤维蛋白原或血清淀粉样蛋白A对直肠癌外科决策的随机对照研究

目的 探讨多学科协作模式 (MDT)下血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)或纤维蛋白原(FIB)和64排多层螺旋CT(MSCT)联合评估对于直肠癌手术方式选择的影响和意义.方法 前瞻性纳入2009年2～6月期间四川大学华西医院肛肠外科住院的直肠癌患者240例,随机均分为MSCT+SAA组(术前行MSCT和SAA联合评估)和MSCT+FIB组(术前行MSCT和FIB联合评估),将术前分期和预测手术方案分别与术后病理分期和实际手术方案比较,并分析手术方案选择与临床病理因素的关系.结果 本研究实际纳入病例234例, MSCT+SAA组118例,MSCT+FIB组116例,2组基线情况一致(P>0.05).MSCT+SAA组的术前T、N、M和TNM分期的准确度分别为72.9%、83.1%、100%和80.1%; MSCT+FIB组的术前T、N、M和TNM分期的准确度分别为68.1%、75.0%、100%和74.1%.2组术前各分期准确度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).2组手术方案的预测符合率分别为99.6%及96.6%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).分析直肠癌手术方案的选择与多种临床病理因素的关系发现,pT分期(P＜0.001)、pN分期(P＜0.001)、pTNM分期(P＜0.001)、术前血清SAA水平(P＜0.001)、术前血清FIB水平(P＜0.001)和肿瘤下缘距齿状线距离(P＜0.05)与直肠癌手术方案的选择相关.结论 MSCT联合FIB可以提高直肠癌术前分期和手术方案预测的准确度,但其临床价值可能并不优于MSCT联合SAA.     

术前炎症和营养预后指数与结直肠癌近期疗效

目的探讨结直肠癌患者术前炎症和营养预后指数（prognostic inflammatory and nutritional index,PINI）水平与近期疗效的关系。方法前瞻性纳入2009年4～6月期间经病理检查诊断为结直肠癌的住院患者。所有患者均于术前3d测定血清α1-酸性糖蛋白、C-反应蛋白、白蛋白和前白蛋白水平,并以此计算术前PINI值。分析术前PINI水平与患者病理分期、术后并发症、生活质量及复发转移的关系。结果本研究共纳入结直肠癌患者38例,均接受了根治性手术治疗,术前PINI水平平均为2.17&#177;1.27。术前PINI水平与病理TNM分期及M分期有关：Ⅳ期患者的PINI水平明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ及Ⅲ期（P〈0.001）,M1期患者的PINI水平亦明显高于M0期（P〈0.001）。术前PINI水平与患者术后并发症的发生无关（P〉0.05）。术前PINI水平与患者术后的厌食情况、饮食总体情况及生存质量的总体评估水平有关：饮食不正常者或有厌食情况者,其PINI水平明显高于饮食正常者（P=0.020）或无厌食情况者（P=0.020）;生存质量＂差＂者,其PINI水平明显高于生存质量＂好＂（P=0.020）及＂一般＂（P=0.025）者。结论术前PINI可以作为结直肠癌患者短期预后的评估指标之一。     

术前血清淀粉样蛋白A水平对低位局部进展直肠癌手术方案选择的价值

目的 探讨术前血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)水平对低位局部进展直肠癌(LLARC)手术方案选择的价值.方法 回顾性分析于四川大学华西医院住院的52例LLARC患者的临床资料,根据手术方式的不同分为根治手术组(n=35)和姑息手术组(n=17).所有患者术前采静脉血测定SAA水平.结果 LLARC手术方案的选择与术前SAA水平有关(P=0.004),而与直肠癌病理学特征和术前影像学分期无关(P>0.05).术前SAA水平升高(≥10.5 mg/L),显著增加了LLARC选择姑息手术治疗的风险(OR=7.47, 95% CI: 1.62～34.40, P=0.010).结论 高SAA水平是预测LLARC患者行姑息手术风险的有效指标,这对于指导外科手术决策和辅助治疗的制定具有临床价值.     

“5·12”地震对灾民心理状况的调查

目的目的了解“5·12”四川地震中受灾人员的心理健康状况。方法使用SCL-90对四川省各重灾区转移到当地民政系统安置点的灾区人群中163名人员进行调查研究。结果受灾人员SCL-90的强迫症状、人际关系、忧郁、恐怖分值均高于全国常模（P〈0．05）;在SCL-90诸因子分中强迫症状、人际关系、忧郁、恐怖因子分值女性灾民高于男性（P〈0．05）。结论随着全球气候的复杂多变,自然灾害的增多,注重心理危机干预,能够使人们尽早恢复心理健康,增加生活的信心。     

肿瘤相关基因rassf1a在肾细胞癌及癌旁肾组织中的表达

目的:探讨肾癌、癌旁肾组织中肿瘤相关基因rassf1a的表达水平及差异及与临床分期的关系.方法:应用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测rassf1a基因在30例肾细胞癌组织及癌旁肾组织中的表达,并比较不同临床阶段其表达的差异.结果: rassf1a基因在肾癌组织中平均表达明显低于在癌旁肾组织中的平均表达.rassf1a基因在肾癌组织中的表达降低与临床分期无关.结论:肾癌的发生、发展可能与rassf1a基因有关.     

Value of abdominal ultrasound scan, CT and MRI for diagnosing inferior vena cava tumour thrombus in renal cell carcinoma

Background We used abdominal ultrasound scan （USS）, computed tomography （CT） and magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） findings in venous spread of renal cell carcinoma （RCC） to determine the superior extent of inferior vena cava （IVC） thrombus and IVC wall invasion and compared them with surgical and pathological reports. Methods From January 1999 to August 2007, 25 patients were diagnosed with RCC with IVC tumour thrombus. Before their operation, all patients had USS, contrast enhanced CT and MRI to find the superior extent of tumour thrombus and IVC wall invasion. All postprocessing techniques were performed by experienced radiologists. Two pathologists reported on all pathology specimens. The superior extent of tumour thrombus was confirmed by the senior surgeon at each operation, using the levels of thrombus defined according to 2004 Mayo Clinic classification. The radiographic results were compared with surgical and pathological findings. Results All patients had radical nephrectomy and tumour thrombus excision. Eight patients had RCC on the left side and 17 on the right side. According to the clinical and pathological findings, 6 patients had level I tumour thrombus, 9 level II, 5 level III and 5 level IV. Six patients had IVC wall invasion. No patient had evidence of lymph node or distant metastases. Of the 25 patients, USS correctly diagnosed the superior extent of tumour thrombus in 18/25, CT 23/25 and MRI 23/25. USS found 1 case of IVC wall invasion preoperatively. Conclusions Multidectector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are comparable and more effective than abdominal ultrasound in diagnosing inferior vena cava tumour thrombus in renal cell carcinoma. None of the three methods can detect inferior vena cava wall invasion.     

Recalling the glorious past six decades and foreseeing a promising new century — the 60-year development of Chinese urological surgery

Urological surgery did not take shape as a discipline until the establishment of the new China. From small and weak to large and strong, and with the painstaking efforts of several generations since the inception of reform and opening-up policy, China＇s urological surgery has developed into a significant subject subordinated to clinical medicine.