某院儿科万古霉素临床应用调查

目的：了解万古霉素在某院儿科中的使用情况。方法：调查2012年某院100例使用万古霉素病例,以《抗茵药物临床应用指导原则》、万古霉素临床应用中国专家共识（2011版）及《万古霉素在儿童MRSA的治疗地位》为依据,就其用药指征、用法用量及病原学检查等方面进行调查分析。结果：100例病例中,患儿平均年龄为（23．1±16．9）月,平均住院时间（26．4±16．6）d,应用万古霉素平均天数（9．6±5．2）d,按病原学检查结果用药33例,有效率71％。但该院应用万古霉素存在诸多问题,如经验性用药、适应证过宽、联合随意性大及用药时间过长或过短等。结论：针对临床应用万古霉素存在的问题,应建立特殊使用级抗菌药的限制性措施,严格控制用药指征,减少经验用药,以提高临床疗效。     

耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的：分析耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌的分布情况及耐药性。方法：收集丽水市中心医院2010年12月～2013年6月临床分离的耐药菌株,采用法国梅里埃Vitek-2 compact细菌鉴定仪鉴定细菌,药物敏感性试验采用纸片扩散法（K-B法）。结果：共收集耐药菌株83株,其中肺炎克雷伯菌占68.67%,产气肠杆菌和阴沟肠杆菌各6.02%,大肠埃希菌2.41%。标本来源最常见为痰液（80.72%）,其次尿液（8.43%）和分泌物（4.82%）,科室分布最多者为重症监护病房（39.76%）,其次为神经外科（36.51%）。74例患者在检测出耐药菌株前1个月内使用过至少一种抗菌药。有69.88%和31.33%的患者使用过哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦,15.66%和10.84%使用过亚胺培南/西司他丁和美罗培南。耐药菌株对多黏菌素B高度敏感,对米诺环素和阿米卡星的耐药率为13.25%和28.92%,对其他抗菌药的耐药率多介于70%～100%。结论：耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌在医院重症监护病房和神经外科相对集中,对多数临床常用抗菌药呈高度耐药,给临床治疗带来严重的挑战。医院应做好院感监测,合理使用抗菌药,从而有效预防和控制耐药菌株的产生和传播。     

高原环境下血涂片中性粒细胞形态变化及临床意义

目的探讨高原环境下外周血涂片中性粒细胞形态学检查的临床应用价值。方法选经临床确诊的急性化脓性感染、急性中毒、大面积烧伤、败血症、白血病等患者,按常规采集外周血涂片,瑞氏染色,油镜﹙10×100倍﹚观察中性粒细胞形态。结果在急性化脓性感染、急性中毒、大面积烧伤、败血症、白血病患者的外周血涂片中观察到11种异常中性粒细胞,结合相应疾病进行应用。结论外周血涂片中性粒细胞形态学检查对急性化脓性感染、急性中毒、大面积烧伤、败血症、白血病等患者的诊断、治疗、预后评估均具有重要的临床意义,对高原地区血细胞形态学检查整体水平的提高有推动作用。     

血清胰岛素样生长因子-1与早产儿视网膜病发生的关系

目的 检测早产儿生后血清胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）的浓度变化,探讨其与早产儿视网膜病（ROP）发生的关系.方法 以我院收治的胎龄＜34周或出生体重＜2000g的早产儿为研究对象,按有无ROP发生分组,有ROP的30例设为ROP组,无ROP的选30例设为早产对照组.所有入选研究对象分别在生后1周及纠正胎龄32周、34周、36周、40周时收集外周静脉血,检测血清IGF-1水平.同时选取30例健康足月新生儿作为足月对照组.结果 两组早产儿在纠正胎龄40周前血清IGF-1水平均随周龄的增长呈上升趋势.ROP组在生后1周及纠正胎龄32、34、36周时血清IGF-1水平均明显低于早产对照组（P＜0.05）.ROP组及早产对照组在生后第1周时IGF-1浓度低于足月对照组（P＜0.05）.在纠正胎龄40周时三组IGF-1水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 早产儿生后早期低IGF-1水平可能导致早产儿ROP的发生,于生后早期提高早产儿血中IGF-1浓度或许能有效防治ROP的发生发展.     

Rescue of Infectious Sindbis Virus by Yeast Spheroplast-Mammalian Cell Fusion

Sindbis virus (SINV), a positive-sense single stranded RNA virus that causes mild symptoms in humans, is transmitted by mosquito bites. SINV reverse genetics have many implications, not only in understanding alphavirus transmission, replication cycle, and virus-host interactions, but also in biotechnology and biomedical applications. The rescue of SINV infectious particles is usually achieved by transfecting susceptible cells (BHK-21) with SINV-infectious mRNA genomes generated from cDNA constructed via in vitro translation (IVT). That procedure is time consuming, costly, and relies heavily on reagent quality. Here, we constructed a novel infectious SINV cDNA construct that expresses its genomic RNA in yeast cells controlled by galactose induction. Using spheroplasts made from this yeast, we established a robust polyethylene glycol-mediated yeast: BHK-21 fusion protocol to rescue infectious SINV particles. Our approach is timesaving and utilizes common lab reagents for SINV rescue. It could be a useful tool for the rescue of large single strand RNA viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2.     

Glycemic control in children and teenagers with type 1 diabetes around lockdown for COVID-19: A continuous glucose monitoring-based observational study

Aims/IntroductionThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic urged authorities to impose rigorous quarantines and brought considerable changes to people’s lifestyles. The impact of these changes on glycemic control has remained unclear, especially the long‐term effect. We aimed to investigate the impact of COVID‐19 lockdown on glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThis observational study enrolled children with type 1 diabetes using continuous glucose monitoring. Continuous glucose monitoring data were extracted from the cloud‐based platform before, during and after lockdown. Demographics and lifestyle change‐related information were collected from the database or questionnaires. We compared these data before, during and after lockdown.ResultsA total of 43 children with type 1 diabetes were recruited (20 girls; mean age 7.45 years; median diabetes duration 1.05 years). We collected 41,784 h of continuous glucose monitoring data. Although time in range (3.9–10.0 mmol/L) was similar before, during and after lockdown, the median time below range <3.9 mmol/L decreased from 3.70% (interquartile range [IQR] 2.25–9.53%) before lockdown to 2.91% (IQR 1.43–5.95%) during lockdown, but reversed to 4.95% (IQR 2.11–9.42%) after lockdown (P = 0.004). Time below range <3.0 mmol/L was 0.59% (IQR 0.14–2.21%), 0.38% (IQR 0.05–1.35%) and 0.82% (IQR 0.22–1.69%), respectively (P = 0.008). The amelioration of hypoglycemia during lockdown was more prominent among those who had less time spent <3.9 mmol/L at baseline. During lockdown, individuals reduced their physical activity, received longer sleep duration and spent more time on diabetes management. In addition, they attended outpatient clinics less and turned to telemedicine more frequently.ConclusionGlycemic control did not deteriorate in children and teenagers with type 1 diabetes around the COVID‐19 pandemic. Hypoglycemia declined during lockdown, but reversed after lockdown, and the changes related to lifestyle might not provide a long‐term effect.     

Association of the Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fibrosis Score with subclinical myocardial remodeling in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study in China

Aims/IntroductionNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, especially with liver fibrosis, is associated with cardiovascular diseases. The Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fibrosis Score (NFS), a non‐invasive marker of advanced fibrosis, was found to be associated with cardiovascular diseases in different populations. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the NFS is associated with subclinical myocardial remodeling in type 2 diabetes patients.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out in type 2 diabetes patients. The NFS derived from available parameters was calculated, and the participants were divided according to the quartiles of the NFS and grades of the NFS (low, intermediate and high). Fibrosis‐4 and Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index, another two liver fibrosis scores, were also calculated. Subclinical myocardial remodeling was examined by echocardiography, and its associations with NFS, Fibrosis‐4 and Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index were analyzed.ResultsA total of 1,878 type 2 diabetes patients were enrolled in the present study. The NFS was independently associated with sex, age, body mass index, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes patients. Parameters of subclinical myocardial remodeling including left atrial dimension, interventricular septum thickness, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter, left ventricular end‐systolic diameter, left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT) and left ventricular mass index were all gradually increased with the increment of the NFS. Linear regression analysis further showed that the NFS was positively associated with left atrial dimension, interventricular septum thickness, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter, left ventricular end‐systolic diameter, LVPWT and left ventricular mass index after adjustment for the confounding factors. Similarly, Fibrosis‐4 was associated with left atrial dimension, interventricular septum thickness, LVPWT and left ventricular mass index. In contrast, the Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index was only associated with LVPWT.ConclusionsNon‐invasive liver fibrosis scores, especially the NFS, are independently associated with subclinical myocardial remodeling in type 2 diabetes patients.     

Nomogram for predicting the overall survival of the patients with oesophageal signet ring cell carcinoma

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic factors of oesophageal signet ring cell (SRC) carcinoma and to construct a nomogram for predicting the outcome of SRC carcinoma of oesophagus.MethodsA total of 968 cases of oesophageal SRC carcinoma were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2016. Cases were divided into training cohort and validation cohort. Univariate and multivariable Cox analyses was performed to select the predictors of overall survival (OS for the nomogram. The performance of nomogram was validated with Harrell’s concordance index (C-index), calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsThe 1- and 5-year OS in the training cohort were 0.446 and 0.146, respectively, and the 1- and 5-year OS in the validation cohort were 0.459 and 0.138. The independent prognostic factors for establishing the nomogram were marital status, invasion of the surrounding tissue, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, surgery and chemotherapy. The Harrell’s c-index value of the training cohort and validation cohort were 0.723 and 0.708. In the calibration curves, the predicted survival probability and the actual survival probability have a considerable consistency. DCA indicated the favourable potential clinical utility of the nomogram.ConclusionsA nomogram to predict the OS of patients with oesophageal SRC carcinoma was established. The validation of the nomogram fully demonstrates its great performance.     

Novel oligopeptide nanoprobe for targeted cancer cell imaging

Here we designed and constructed a tryptophan-phenylalanine-phenylalanine-tryptophan (WFFW) tetrapeptide, which generated photostable and tunable fluorescence emission signals from 340 nm to 500 nm. The WFFW tetrapeptide could self-assemble into a spherical nanostructure with enhanced fluorescence intensity. Driven by π–π stacking and hydrogen bond interaction, WFFW co-assembled with arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) modified WFFW to form a cancer-targeted fluorescent nanoprobe, which could selectively image the cancer cells.

Co-assembly of WFFW tetrapeptide and RGDWFFW heptapeptide generated the photostable and fluorescence-tunable nanoprobe, which could selectively image the cancer cells.