Hyperlipidemic nephropathy induced by adriamycin in ovariectomized rats: role of free radicals and effect of 17-beta-estradiol administration

The present study in rats evaluates the effects of the ovariectomy (OVX) with and without the simultaneous administration of 17beta-estradiol (17betaE(2)) on oxidative stress and hyperlipidemic nephropathy induced by a single high dose of adriamycin (AD). OVX enhances oxidative stress and worsens nephropathy induced by AD. These changes are prevented by simultaneous administration of 17betaE(2). OVX alone induced oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia without biochemical evidence of renal dysfunction. Our results revealed that ovarian hormones, especially estrogens, have a protective effect against oxidative stress and nephropathy induced by AD. Since the reactive oxygen species plays a role in the pathogenesis of renal lesion, it is important to emphasize that estrogens and their hydroxylated compounds function as biological antioxidants.     

Lack of hemoglobin response to iron supplementation in anemic mexican preschoolers with multiple micronutrient deficiencies

BACKGROUND: In developing countries, incomplete resolution of anemia with iron supplementation is often attributed to poor compliance or inadequate duration of supplementation, but it could result from deficiencies of other micronutrients. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess children's hematologic response to supervised, long-term iron supplementation and the relation of this response to other micronutrient deficiencies, anthropometry, morbidity, and usual dietary intake. DESIGN: Rural Mexican children aged 18-36 mo (n = 219) were supplemented for 12 mo with either 20 mg Fe, 20 mg Zn, both iron and zinc, or placebo. Children were categorized as iron-unsupplemented (IUS; n = 109) or iron supplemented (IS; n = 108). Hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean cell hemoglobin, plasma concentrations of micronutrients that can affect hematopoiesis, anthropometry, and diet were assessed at 0, 6, and 12 mo; morbidity was assessed biweekly. RESULTS: At baseline, 70% of children had low hemoglobin (相似文献   

A comprehensive review of the natural history of Helicobacter pylori infection in children

Across populations of children, Helicobacter pylori prevalence ranges from under 10% to over 80%. Low prevalence occurs in the U.S., Canada, and northern and western Europe; high prevalence occurs in India, Africa, Latin America, and eastern Europe. Risk factors include socioeconomic status, household crowding, ethnicity, migration from high prevalence regions, and infection status of family members. H. pylori infection is not associated with specific symptoms in children; however, it is consistently associated with antral gastritis, although its clinical significance is unclear. Duodenal ulcers associated with H. pylori are seldom seen in children under 10 years of age. H. pylori-infected children demonstrate a chronic, macrophagic, and monocytic inflammatory cell infiltrate and a lack of neutrophils, as compared with the response observed in adults. The effect of H. pylori infection on acid secretion in children remains poorly defined. The events that occur during H. pylori colonization in children should be studied more thoroughly and should include urease activity, motility, chemotaxis, adherence, and downregulation of the host response. The importance of virulence determinants described as relevant for disease during H. pylori infection has not been extensively studied in children. Highly sensitive and specific methods for the detection of H. pylori in children are needed, especially in younger pediatric populations in which colonization is in its early phases. Criteria for the use of eradication treatment in H. pylori-infected children need to be established. Multicenter pediatric studies should focus on the identification of risk factors, which can be used as prognostic indicators for the development of gastroduodenal disease later in life.     

Fatal familial insomnia: clinical, neuropathological, and genetic description of a Spanish family

The clinical presentation and evolution, neuropathological findings, and genotyping of three members of a Spanish family affected with fatal familial insomnia are reported. The mother and two of her offspring developed a rapidly evolving disease with insomnia and behavioural disorders as the initial symptoms and died between 5 and 10 months after the onset of the illness. Frontal brain biopsy in the mother disclosed only non-significant spongiosis, and full neuropathological examination of her offspring showed thalamic and olivary degeneration with isolated focal cortical spongiosis. Genetic examination could only be performed in the contemporary patients and both harboured the prion protein (PrP) 178Asn mutation and homozygous 129 Met/Met genotype.     

Localization of NADPH diaphorase/nitric oxide synthase and choline acetyltransferase in the spinal cord of the frog, Rana perezi

The localization of nitrergic cells and fibers and cholinergic cells has been analyzed in the spinal cord of the anuran amphibian Rana perezi. Histochemistry for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase and nitric oxide synthase immunohistochemistry revealed a concurrent pattern of labeled structures. A large population of nitrergic spinal neurons was found from the level of the obex to the filum terminale. They are abundant in the dorsal horn and intermediate gray matter, but also occur in territories of the ventral horn and, only occasionally, in somatic motoneurons. Numerous nitrergic fibers were present in the spinal white matter, particularly in the dorsal and dorsolateral funiculi. A special arrangement of nitrergic axons is present in Lissauer's tract, where a collateral system is formed. Cholinergic cells, revealed by choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry, were observed throughout the spinal cord. The somatic motoneurons were the most conspicuously immunoreactive cells. A large population of cholinergic cells forms a discontinuous column in the intermediate gray, from the third spinal segment to lumbar segments. These cells were organized in a medially located or intercalated cell group, and a laterally located intermediolateral group. Numerous scattered cholinergic cells were present in the central zone of the ventral horn and were absent in the dorsal horn. Double-labeling experiments revealed a high degree of codistribution of nitrergic and cholinergic cells, mainly in the intermediate gray, but colocalization of both markers in the same neurons was not found. This result contrasts with the situation found in mammals and raises the question of whether coexpression of both substances was acquired in spinal cord neurons through evolution only in amniotes or, even, only in mammals.     

亚硒酸钠和硒蛋氨酸的毒性比较

目的　比较亚硒酸钠和硒蛋氨酸毒性差异以及探讨硒中毒的指标。方法　将断乳Wistar大鼠随机分为 7组 ,每组 14只 ,雌雄各半。其中一组为对照组 ,另外六组分别给予含硒 3、6、10mg kg的亚硒酸钠或硒蛋氨酸饲料 ,于第 12周将其处死。结果　当饲料硒水平达到 3mg kg时 ,动物肝脏出现病理变化 ,在Se6mg kg时 ,体重才出现下降。饲料硒水平为 6、10mg kg时 ,同一饲料硒水平的亚硒酸钠组大鼠体重小于硒蛋氨酸组。饲料硒水平为 3、6mg kg时 ,硒蛋氨酸组大鼠的肝脏病理改变轻于亚硒酸钠组 ,雄性大鼠轻于雌性。亚硒酸钠组较硒蛋氨酸组或雌性大鼠较雄性大鼠在肝脏体重比方面变化更为明显。除雌性大鼠肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPX)活性随硒水平升高而降低外 ,其它补硒各组肝、红细胞、血浆GPX活性具有随硒水平的升高而升高的趋势。结论　大鼠硒中毒的剂量为Se 3mg kg,硒蛋氨酸的毒性小于亚硒酸钠 ,雌性大鼠对硒毒性更为敏感     

自体角膜缘干细胞联合羊膜移植治疗复发性翼状胬肉

目的　探讨自体角膜缘干细胞联合羊膜移植治疗复发性翼状胬肉的临床效果。方法　将 84例 (84只眼 )复发性翼状胬肉患者随机分为治疗组 (4 6例 )和对照组 (38例 )。治疗组采用自体角膜缘干细胞联合羊膜移植治疗 ,对照组行单纯羊膜移植 ,术后随访 3个月至 2年。结果　角膜上皮均于 1周内完全愈合。治疗组 4 6例中 3例复发 ,复发率为 6 .5 % ;对照组 38例中 9例复发 ,复发率为 2 3.7%。两组相比具有显著性差异 (χ2 =5 .0 0 6 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　自体角膜缘干细胞联合羊膜移植抑制了结膜下纤维组织增生 ,重建角膜缘部屏障功能 ,能有效治疗复发性翼状胬肉。