鲁迅与解剖学研究述略

鲁迅在《我怎么做起小说来》一文中写道,"但我的来做小说,也并非自以为有做小说的才能……大约所仰仗的全在先前看过的百来篇外国作品和一点医学上的知识,此外的准备,一点也没有"[1].可见,鲁迅青年时期接受的医学教育,与之精神与艺术有着深刻的渊源.而鲁迅所说的"医学上的知识"中,对其影响最大的莫过于 "解剖学的知识".在鲁迅...     

葫芦巴碱调节肾移植术后代谢紊乱的应用前景

肾移植术后易发生糖、脂质等代谢紊乱,导致移植肾功能障碍及长期存活率降低。葫芦巴碱是一种具有多种生物活性的天然生物碱,具有改善糖、脂质等代谢紊乱的作用,可减轻肾脏的炎症反应、氧化应激及细胞凋亡,从而保护肾功能。因此,葫芦巴碱可能是调节肾移植术后代谢紊乱的潜在药物。本文对葫芦巴碱与糖代谢紊乱、脂质代谢紊乱、其他代谢紊乱及葫芦巴碱在肾移植中的应用前景进行综述,旨在为改善肾移植术后代谢紊乱、提高肾移植受者及移植肾的长期存活率提供参考。     

Using Interrupted Time Series Design to Analyze Changes in Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Incidence during the Declining Incidence Periods of 2008-2010 in China

ObjectiveTo identify patterns of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) incidence in China during declining incidence periods of 2008, 2009, and 2010.MethodsReported HFMD cases over a period of 25 months were extracted from the National Disease Reporting System (NDRS) and analyzed. An interrupted time series (ITS) technique was used to detect changes in HFMD incidence rates in terms of level and slope between declining incidence periods of the three years.ResultsOver 3.58 million HFMD cases younger than 5 years were reported to the NDRS between May 1, 2008, and May 31, 2011. Males comprised 63.4% of the cases. ITS analyses demonstrated a significant increase in incidence rate level (P<0.0001) when comparing the current period with the previous period. There were significant changes in declining slopes when comparing 2010 to 2009, and 2010 to 2008 (all P<0.005), but not 2009 to 2008.ConclusionIncremental changes in incidence rate level during the declining incidence periods of 2009 and 2010 can potentially be attributed to a few factors. The more steeply declining slope in 2010 compared with previous years could be ascribed to the implementation of more effective interventions and preventive strategies in 2010. Further investigation is required to examine this possibility.     

改良斜轴位磁共振成像扫描在距腓前韧带损伤中的应用价值

目的  评估改良斜轴位磁共振成像（MRI）检查对慢性踝关节不稳患者距腓前韧带损伤诊断的可靠性及有效性。方法  选取2013年1月-2015年11月从该院预行踝关节镜检查的住院患者中招募研究对象。所有研究对象行踝关节常规轴位及改良斜轴位MRI检查,利用MRI图像评估距腓前韧带损伤,对比上述检查对韧带全长的显示效果,利用ICC指数评估观察者间一致性,以踝关节镜检查结果作为金标准,评估上述检查的敏感性、特异性、阴性预测值,阳性预测值、准确性。结果  招募91例研究对象。其中,男性49例,女性42例,平均（34.6±13.2）岁。常规轴位MRI显示,效果与改良斜轴位MRI的差异有统计学意义（观察者A：Z =-4.987,P =0.000;观察者B：Z =-4.084,P =0.000）,斜轴位MRI检查观察者间ICC指数为0.943,95%CI：0.902,0.987。共有60例患者经关节镜检查确诊为距腓前韧带损伤。改良斜轴位MRI检查的敏感性、特异性、阴性预测值、阳性预测值及准确度：观察者A分别为92%、97%、86%、98%和95%;观察者B分别为95%、94%、91%、97%和95%。结论  对于诊断距腓前韧带损伤,改良斜轴位MRI检查具有很好的观察者间一致性以及突出的诊断价值,可以较好地显示韧带全长,值得在临床推广应用。

     

血清骨标志物与2 型糖尿病患者 心血管疾病风险的关系

目的 评估2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者中6 种骨标志物（骨钙蛋白、骨桥蛋白、骨粘连蛋白、骨 保护素、碱性磷酸酶和骨硬化蛋白）水平是否与心血管疾病（CVD）风险相关。方法 选取2015 年9 月— 2018 年12 月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院收治的T2DM 患者200 例,其中100 例在2 年的随访过程中出现了 CVD。根据随访期间是否发生CVD 分为CVD 组和无CVD 组,每组100 例。用多重试剂盒法测量血清中 6 种骨标志物,使用多因素Logistic 回归分析评估骨标志物与CVD 风险的关系。结果 CVD 组年龄、糖尿病 病程、骨钙蛋白、骨桥蛋白、骨粘连蛋白、骨保护素、碱性磷酸酶、骨硬化蛋白水平较无CVD 组高（P <0.05）。 多因素Logistic 回归分析结果显示,较高血浆浓度的骨桥蛋白水平[Ol ^ R=5.112（95％ CI ：1.032,22.423）, P =0.000] 是T2DM 患者发生CVD 的危险因素。结论 高骨桥蛋白是T2DM 患者CVD 风险的独立危险因素, 而其他5 种骨标志物和CVD 风险无关。     

呼吸内科不同区域下呼吸道感染耐药菌分布及耐药特征比较分析

目的：探索昆明医科大学第一附属医院呼吸内科不同区域[门诊、病房,呼吸重症监护病房（RIC U ）]下呼吸道感染耐药菌株的分布构成及耐药特征,为临床抗菌药物的合理应用提供依据。方法采用K‐B纸片扩散法和仪器法（VITEK‐TWO）,按照美国临床与实验室标准化研究所（CLSI）2010年版标准判读结果,对昆明医科大学第一附属医院呼吸科门诊、病房、RICU患者送检的痰液、肺泡灌洗液标本通过细菌培养鉴定及药敏试验分离出的480株耐药菌株,用WHONET5．6软件对检测数据进行分析。结果该医院呼吸门诊、病房、RICU下呼吸道感染耐药菌分布构成前4位均以革兰阴性菌为主。肺炎克雷伯菌对多数抗菌药物的耐药率大于30％,对庆大霉素、左氧氟沙星、氨苄青霉素的耐药率大于50％,RIC U与呼吸科门诊和病房相比差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。亚胺培南、哌拉西林／他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮／舒巴坦、阿米卡星抗菌活性较强,其耐药率小于20％。大肠埃希菌对11种常用抗菌药物在呼吸科门诊、病房与RICU的耐药率相似。产超广谱β‐内酰胺酶（ESBLs）菌株的多重耐药率明显高于非产ESBLs菌株（P＜0．05）,产ESBLs菌株对亚胺培南耐药率小于10％。铜绿假单胞菌对头孢哌酮／舒巴坦、哌拉西林／他唑巴坦、头孢吡肟、喹诺酮类、氨基糖甙类在呼吸科门诊和病房仍保持较高的抗菌活性,但RIIU的耐药率大于54％（ P＜0．05）。鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南的耐药率在RIC U和病房明显高于呼吸科门诊,分别为70．4％、64．6％和46．2％。RIC U检出的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）对利福平耐药率明显高于呼吸科门诊和病房（P＜0．05）。结论呼吸科门诊、病房和RICU的耐药菌分布构成及耐药率均有明显差异,临床医师除了熟悉本地区耐药菌分布及耐药率监测情况外,还应掌握本单位各科室不同区域耐药菌的耐药率情况,才能正确有效合理应用抗菌药物。     

Studies on the integration of hepatitis B virus DNA sequence in human sperm chromosomes

Aim: To study the integration of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA into sperm chromosomes in hepatitis B patients and the features of its integration. Methods: Sperm chromosomes of 14 subjects (5 healthy controls and 9 HB patients, including 1 acute hepatitis B, 2 chronic active hepatitis B, 4 chronic persistent hepatitis B, 2 HBsAg chronic carriers with no clinical symptoms) were prepared using interspecific in vitro fertilization between zona-free hamster oocytes and human spermatozoa. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to sperm chromosome spreads was carried out with biotin-labeled full length HBV DNA probe to detect the specific HBV DNA sequences in the sperm chromosomes. Results: Specific fluorescent signal spots for HBV DNA were seen in sperm chromosomes of one patient with chronic persistent hepatitis B. In 9(9/42) sperm chromosome complements containing fluorescent signal spots, one presented 5 obvious FISH spots and the others 2 to 4 signals. The fluorescence intensity showed significant diffe     

盐酸氨基葡萄糖治疗骨性关节炎有效性与安全性评价

目的 评价盐酸氨基葡萄糖胶囊治疗骨性关节炎的有效性和安全性。方法 多中心、随机、阳性药物对照研究。143例膝和髋骨关节炎患者被随机分为两组,盐酸氨基葡萄糖研究组1桫次,每日2次;硫酸氨基葡萄糖对照组2桫次,每日3次,疗程均为6周。结果 治疗6周后,盐酸氨基葡萄糖在改善行走疼痛、夜间静息痛、晨僵几方面优于硫酸氨基葡萄糖,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。总有效率评价显示盐酸氨基葡萄糖有效率为75．4％,硫酸氨基葡萄糖为60．6％,两组间差异无统计学意义,提示两种氨基葡萄糖治疗骨关节炎疗效相当。盐酸氨基葡萄糖组发生不良反应3例,硫酸氨基葡萄糖组2例,均较轻微,无严重不良事件发生。结论盐酸氨基葡萄糖胶囊治疗骨关节炎安全、有效,与硫酸氨基葡萄糖疗效相当。     

3.0T术中磁共振成像导航在神经外科手术应用的初步经验

目的 探讨3.0 T术中磁共振成像(iMRI)导航在神经外科手术应用的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析2010年9月至2011年3月,在具备诊断和手术功能的"3.0 T iMRI数字一体化神经外科手术中心"施行的各类颅脑手术122例,包括临床资料、iMRI实时影像导航对手术进程和手术结果的影响等.结果 122例患者手术室内扫描2～4次,平均2.6次.各种扫描图像质量皆优良.iMRI技术使脑胶质瘤(60例)手术全切除率从71.7%提高到90.0%,患者的近期致残率为6.7%,远期致残率3.3%.iMRI技术使垂体大腺瘤(29例)手术全切除率从75.9%提高到93.1%.未发生与应用iMRI数字一体化神经外科手术有关的并发症(如感染等).同期完成2500余人次MRI诊断性检查.结论 3.0 T iMRI神经导航的应用,为脑胶质瘤与垂体大腺瘤手术进程的实时引导、切除范围的精确判断以及脑功能与代谢信息的定量分析提供了客观依据,真正实现了脑肿瘤的最大程度安全切除.

Abstract：

Objective To report the preliminary experience in clinical application of 3.0 T intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) neuronavigation system in China. Methods From September 2010 to March 2011, a consecutive series of 122 patients with intracranial lesions underwent operations in guidance with 3.0 T iMRI. A retrospective analysis was conducted regarding clinical efficiency.Results Among 122 procedures, the numbers of intraoperative scanning were 2-4 times with an average of 2.6.The qualities of images were excellent. Due to the discovery and further possibility of resection of residual tumors, the ratio of gross total resection was increased from 71.7% to 90.0% in cerebral gliomas(n =60), while from 75.9% to 93.1% in macroadenomas (n =29).There were 6.7% of all patients occurred postoperative paralysis, but only 3.3% of patients had persistent paralysis at 1-2months follow-up.There was no iMRI-related adverse event occurred. During the same period, more than 2500 patients underwent diagnostic MRI scanning. Conclusions 3.0 T iMRI neuronavigation system provides high-quality intraoperative structural, functional and metabolic images for real time tumor resection control and accurate functional preservation, resulting in an improvement in maximal safe brain surgery.The system is cost-effective.