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191.
Effective renal plasma flow, urine sodium excretion, and glomerular filtration rates were reduced markedly to 44%, 46%, and 60% of normal, respectively, in rats subjected to thermal trauma. A sodium load of about 2 mEq. per 100 Gm. of body weight restores these functions toward normal. Doubling the concomitant water load had no discernible beneficial effect, but rats resuscitated with the larger water load were in greater positive water balance. These experimental data suggest that the water loads commonly administered clinically for the treatment of burn shock may be unnecessarily large. 相似文献
192.
HM Lazarus ; SB Cohen ; DO Clegg ; JE Menitove ; SB Sorin ; S Hinkle ; JA Markenson ; S Saal ; LT Goodnough ; RM Fleischmann 《Transfusion》1991,31(2):122-128
A prospective phase II trial was conducted to assess the feasibility, tolerance, and efficacy of a device designed for selective removal of rheumatoid factor from the plasma of rheumatoid arthritis patients. The device contained terpolymer hydrogel-coated plates with chemically attached, aggregated human immunoglobulin G, and it operated as an immunoaffinity column. Sixty-one patients aged 25 to 73 underwent weekly plasmapheresis treatments (the primary therapy phase). During the trial, patients continued current rheumatoid arthritis medications without dose adjustments. All patients received two to six treatments (primary therapy). Responding patients were eligible to continue apheresis treatment every 2 to 6 weeks (maintenance therapy). No serious, untoward side effects were noted in the course of this study; of 640 treatments, only 2 (in different patients) were aborted, one because of complaints of dizziness and angioedema and the other because of chest tightness and shortness of breath. Except for a significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in serum iron, no significant changes in complete blood count, serum electrolytes, renal and hepatic function tests, or serum C3 and C4 were noted. Although the trial was not designed to determine clinical efficacy, patients noted less morning stiffness, longer time to onset of fatigue, and improved global pain assessment (p less than 0.004); significant objective improvements were noted in joint pain, tenderness, swelling, and the number of affected joints (p less than 0.001). One-half of the treated patients had at least a 50 percent improvement in objective measures of antirheumatic activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
193.
194.
OY Okafor OL Erukainure JA Ajiboye RO Adejobi FO Owolabi SB Kosoko 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2011,1(1):12-14
Objective
To investigate the ability of the methanolic extract of pineapple peel to modulate alcohol-induced lipid peroxidation, changes in catalase activities and hepatic biochemical marker levels in blood plasma.Methods
Oxidative stress was induced by oral administration of ethanol (20% w/v) at a dosage of 5 mL/kg bw in rats. After 28 days of treatment, the rats were fasted overnight and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood was collected with a 2 mL syringe by cardiac puncture and was centrifuged at 3 000 rpm for 10 min. The plasma was analyzed to evaluate malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase activity, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations.Results
Administration of alcohol caused a drastic increase (87.74%) in MDA level compared with the control. Pineapple peel extract significantly reduced the MDA level by 60.16% at 2.5 mL/kg bw. Rats fed alcohol only had the highest catalase activity, treatment with pineapple peel extract at 2.5 mL/kg bw however, reduced the activity. Increased AST, ALP and ALT activities were observed in rats fed alcohol only respectively, treatment with pineapple peel extract drastically reduced their activities.Conclusions
The positive modulation of lipid peroxidation, catalase activities as well as hepatic biomarker levels of blood plasma by the methanolic extract of pineapple peels under alcohol-induced oxidative stress is an indication of its protective ability in the management of alcohol-induced toxicity. 相似文献195.
Vibha C. A. Desai Scott C. Quinlan Anne C. Deitz Jinghua He Crystal N. Holick Stephan Lanes 《Journal of neuro-oncology》2017,132(1):89-98
To determine the impact of insurance status and income for anaplastic astrocytoma (AA). Data were extracted from the National Cancer Data Base. Chi square test, Kaplan–Meier method, and Cox regression models were employed in SPSS 22.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.) for data analyses. 4325 patients with AA diagnosed from 2004 to 2013 were identified. 2781 (64.3%) had private insurance, 925 (21.4%) Medicare, 396 (9.2%) Medicaid, and 223 (5.2%) were uninsured. Those uninsured were more likely to be Black or Hispanic versus White or Asian (p?<?0.001), have lower median income (p?<?0.001), less educated (p?<?0.001), and not receive adjuvant chemoradiation (p?<?0.001). 1651 (38.2%) had income ≥$63,000, 1204 (27.8%) $48,000–$62,999, 889 (20.5%) $38,000–$47,999, and 581 (13.4%) had income <$38,000. Those with lower income were more likely to be Black or Hispanic versus White or Asian (p?<?0.001), uninsured (p?<?0.001), reside in a rural area (p?<?0.001), less educated (p?<?0.001), and not receive adjuvant chemoradiation (p?<?0.001). Those with private insurance had significantly higher overall survival (OS) than those uninsured, on Medicaid, or on Medicare (p?<?0.001). Those with income ≥$63,000 had significantly higher OS than those with lower income (p?<?0.001). On multivariate analysis, age, insurance status, income, and adjuvant therapy were independent prognostic factors for OS. Being uninsured and having income <$38,000 were independent prognostic factors for worse OS in AA. Further investigations are warranted to help determine ways to ensure adequate medical care for those who may be socially disadvantaged so that outcome can be maximized for all patients regardless of socioeconomic status. 相似文献
196.
A simple self‐reported adherence tool as a predictor of viral rebound in people with viral suppression on antiretroviral therapy 下载免费PDF全文
197.
Susan Kashubeck-West Michelle Zeilman Cori Deitz 《Sexual and Relationship Therapy》2018,33(1-2):97-112
ABSTRACTScant research has investigated the romantic and sexual relationships of bisexual women and factors that may contribute to relationship quality. This study investigated the mediating roles of body dissatisfaction and relationship satisfaction on the relations between objectified body consciousness and self-consciousness during physical intimacy with a partner in a sample of 217 bisexual women (87% White, 77% had men as primary partners, social class ranged from very low income to upper class). Women in romantic relationships with men reported less relationship satisfaction than women in romantic relationships with women. Consistent with the hypothesized structural model, both body dissatisfaction and relationship satisfaction mediated the relations of objectified body consciousness with self-consciousness during physical intimacy. As objectified body consciousness increased, body dissatisfaction increased; this, in turn, was associated with greater self-consciousness during physical intimacy. In addition, as objectified body consciousness increased, relationship satisfaction decreased, predicting greater self-consciousness during physical intimacy. Implications of these findings for sex and relationship therapists are presented, as are directions for future research. 相似文献
198.
The lymphocyte Hprt gene has been used extensively as a reporter locus to
monitor the mutational effects of the exposure of animals to genotoxicants.
Implicit in this view of the function of a reporter gene is the assumption
that its mutagenic response is representative of that of other genes in the
organism. As a test of this hypothesis we compared the frequency of
6-thioguanine-resistant (TGr) mutants at the Hprt locus with the mutant
frequency (MF) induced at another locus, the ouabain resistance (Oua)
locus. The frequency of spontaneous OUA(R) mutants was estimated to be
1.1x10(-7) (MF between <0.3 and 1.1x10(- 7)), which was approximately
30-fold less than the spontaneous TGr MF. Following treatment with
N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), the induced OUA(R) MF at each of two dose
levels (50 and 150 mg/kg ENU) and two time points (3 and 6 weeks
post-exposure) was consistently 8- to 9-fold lower than the corresponding
TGr MF. Thus the mutagenic response of the Oua locus closely paralleled
that of the Hprt locus, indicating a similarity in their response to ENU.
In addition, the Oua locus was 3-4 times more sensitive than the Hprt locus
to the mutagenic effect of ENU, as measured by the fold increase in MF over
the background level. The number of ENU-mutable sites capable of resulting
in a TGr or OUA(R) phenotype, otherwise known as the mutation target size,
was estimated to differ by an order of magnitude between the two loci. This
difference in target size correlates with, and therefore may largely
account for, the difference in induced MF between both loci.
相似文献
199.
Glauce SB Viana Carolina C Ana Medeiros Michelle R Ana Lacerda Kalyne AM L Leal Tiago G Vale F José deAbreu Matos 《BMC pharmacology》2004,4(1):1-7
Background
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that can be successfully treated with a mixture of fumaric acid esters (FAE) formulated as enteric-coated tablets for oral use. These tablets consist of dimethylfumarate (DMF) and salts of monoethylfumarate (MEF) and its main bioactive metabolite is monomethylfumarate (MMF). Little is known about the pharmacokinetics of these FAE. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hydrolysis of DMF to MMF and the stability of MMF, DMF and MEF at in vitro conditions representing different body compartments.Results
DMF is hydrolyzed to MMF in an alkaline environment (pH 8), but not in an acidic environment (pH 1). In these conditions MMF and MEF remained intact during the period of analysis (6 h). Interestingly, DMF was hardly hydrolyzed to MMF in a buffer of pH 7.4, but was rapidly hydrolyzed in human serum having the same pH. Moreover, in whole blood the half-life of DMF was dramatically reduced as compared to serum. The concentrations of MMF and MEF in serum and whole blood decreased with increasing time. These data indicate that the majority of the FAE in the circulation are metabolized by one or more types of blood cells. Additional experiments with purified blood cell fractions resuspended in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) revealed that at concentrations present in whole blood monocytes/lymphocytes, but not granulocytes and erythrocytes, effectively hydrolyzed DMF to MMF. Furthermore, in agreement with the data obtained with the pure components of the tablet, the enteric-coated tablet remained intact at pH 1, but rapidly dissolved at pH 8.Conclusion
Together, these in vitro data indicate that hydrolysis of DMF to MMF rapidly occurs at pH 8, resembling that within the small intestines, but not at pH 1 resembling the pH in the stomach. At both pHs MMF and MEF remained intact. These data explain the observation that after oral FAE intake MMF and MEF, but not DMF, can be readily detected in the circulation of human healthy volunteers and psoriasis patients. 相似文献200.