Pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes in China during 2004 to 2014: A retrospective study (the CARNATION Study)

BackgroundWe aimed to report pregnancy outcomes of women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in China, on which data were sparse.MethodsThis is a nationwide retrospective study conducted in 11 general medical centers in 8 cities across China. We investigated the clinical data of all women who attended these centers with a singleton pregnancy and whose pregnancy ended between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2014. Pregnancies of women with pregestational T1D were ascertained and compared with those of women without T1D.ResultsFrom over 300 000 pregnancies over the 11‐year study period, we identified 265 singleton pregnancies of women with T1D. One maternal death was documented among 265 (0.37%) women with T1D and 83 among 318 486 (0.03%) women without T1D. Women with T1D suffered from higher rates of pregnancy loss (13.21% vs 2.92%, crude risk ratio [cRR] 5.08 [95% CI, 3.56‐7.26]) and preeclampsia (17.74% vs 4.20%, cRR 4.94 [95% CI, 3.60‐6.77]) compared with those without T1D. Infants of these women with T1D had elevated rates of neonatal death (5.65% vs 0.16%, cRR 37.36 [95% CI, 21.21‐65.82]) and congenital malformation(s) (8.26% vs 3.53%, cRR 2.46 [95% CI, 1.54‐3.93]) compared with those of women without T1D. No significant improvement in pregnancy outcomes in women with T1D was observed over the period 2004 to 2014.ConclusionsPregnancy outcomes were persistently poor in women with T1D during 2004 to 2014 in China. Pregnancy care needs to be improved to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes among Chinese women with T1D.     

护士主导的多学科协作鼻咽癌同步放化疗患者营养管理

目的 改善鼻咽癌患者放化疗期间的营养状况及其放化疗不良体验.方法 将74例鼻咽癌患者按住院时间分为对照组36例和观察组38例.两组均行根治性调强放疗加同期化疗,行常规临床护理;对照组实施常规营养管理,观察组实施由护士主导的多学科团队协作的营养管理.放化疗疗程完成后(7周)评价效果.结果 放化疗完成后观察组PG-SGA评...     

腹部外科SIRS患者下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴的功能改变及机制探讨

目的：研究SIRS状态下下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴的功能改变并探讨其机制。方法：应用放射免疫分析方法测定25例病人的血清T3、T4、rT3、TSH、TRH水平,并与20例正常对照进行比较。结果：SIRS病人血清T3、T4水平低于对照组。TSH和TRH水平观察组高于对照组。结论：SIRS病人下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴的功能出现紊乱,其可能的机制是由于甲状腺本身的功能受到抑制以及应激刺激作用的结果。     

学龄前儿童先天性脊柱侧凸矫形手术围术期输血的相关因素分析——一项单中心回顾性分析

目的回顾性分析学龄前儿童（≤72个月）行先天性脊柱侧凸矫形手术围术期血液管理的临床特点及相关影响因素。方法针对2年以来行先天性脊柱侧凸矫形手术的110例学龄前儿童（≤72个月）相关资料进行回顾性分析,组间比较采用t检验,组内比较采用重复测量的方差分析,多元Logistic回归分析被用来确定异体红细胞输注的独立预测因子。结果共有91例患儿（83％）术中输入异体红细胞,与术中异体红细胞输入量存在明显相关性的因素有患儿的体重、术前Cobb角、融合节段、手术时间、截骨数量、失血量以及术前血红蛋白（hemoglobin,Hb）浓度、红细胞比容（hematocrit,Hct）、血小板（bloodplatelet,Pit）计数,其中独立因素有Cobb角、截骨数量、术前Hb浓度、Hct、Pit计数。输血患儿与未输血患儿比较,术中截骨率、术中出血量和术后24h伤口引流量显著增加,术后住院时间也明显延长。结论可作为围术期输血评估的独立因素有Cobb角、截骨数量、术前Hb浓度、Hct、Plt计数,而与患儿的年龄、体重、融合节段及手术时间无明显相关性,有助于对学龄前儿童先天性脊柱侧凸矫形手术围术期输血需求的早期识别和准确评估,保证患儿的生命安全。     

全麻术后患者应用泻黄散加味行口腔护理研究

目的研制全麻术后患者优效口腔护理含漱液,提高口腔护理效果。方法将105例全麻术后脾胃伏火证患者随机分为三组各35例,均于术后开始口腔护理及用生理盐水进行预处理;之后生理盐水组用生理盐水含漱清洗及喷雾;银尔通组用银尔通含漱清洗及喷雾;泻黄散加味组制备泻黄散加味含漱液并用于含漱清洗及喷雾。2次/d,连续3d后评价效果。结果泻黄散加味组口臭发生率及菌落计数显著低于和少于生理盐水组,pH值显著高于另两组(P0.0125,P0.05);咽部不适防治效果及口腔黏膜炎发生率三组比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论泻黄散加味佩兰及薄荷,用于全麻术后患者口腔护理,可有效维持口腔正常pH值,有良好的抑菌效果,从而降低口臭发生率;预处理、含漱清洗及口腔喷雾干预模式有利于保持口腔持续湿润状态,缓解不适感。     

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-12 Alleviates Inflammation and Colon Cancer Symptoms in AOM/DSS-Treated Mice through Modulating the Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolome

In our previous research, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-12 alleviated inflammation in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mice by regulating intestinal microbiota and preventing colon shortening (p < 0.05). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether L. plantarum-12 could ameliorate the colon cancer symptoms of azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice. The results showed that L. plantarum-12 alleviated colonic shortening (from 7.43 ± 0.15 to 8.23 ± 0.25) and weight loss (from 25.92 ± 0.21 to 27.75 ± 0.88) in AOM/DSS-treated mice. L. plantarum-12 oral administration down-regulated pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α (from 350.41 ± 15.80 to 247.72 ± 21.91), IL-8 (from 322.19 ± 11.83 to 226.08 ± 22.06), and IL-1β (111.43 ± 8.14 to 56.90 ± 2.70) levels and up-regulated anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 (from 126.08 ± 24.92 to 275.89 ± 21.87) level of AOM/DSS-treated mice. L. plantarum-12 oral administration restored the intestinal microbiota dysbiosis of the AOM/DSS treated mice by up-regulating beneficial Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Bifidobacteriaceae levels and down-regulating pathogenic Proteobacteria, Desulfovibrionaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae levels. As a result, the fecal metabolites of the AOM/DSS-treated mice were altered, including xanthosine, uridine, 3,4-methylenesebacic acid, 3-hydroxytetradecanedioic acid, 4-hydroxyhexanoylglycine, beta-leucine, and glycitein, by L. plantarum-12 oral administration. Furthermore, L. plantarum-12 oral administration significantly ameliorated the colon injury of the AOM/DSS-treated mice by enhancing colonic tight junction protein level and promoting tumor cells death via down-regulating PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and up-regulating pro-apoptotic Bax. (p < 0.05). Taken together, L. plantarum-12 oral administration could ameliorate the colon cancer burden and inflammation of AOM-DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice through regulating the intestinal microbiota, manipulating fecal metabolites, enhancing colon barrier function, and inhibiting NF-κB signaling. These results suggest that L. plantarum-12 might be an excellent probiotic candidate for the prevention of colon cancer.     

成人活体肝移植单中心56例临床报告

目的探讨成人间右半肝移植手术中保证供、受者安全的方法。方法2002年1月至2006年9月四川大学华西医院对56例受者施行了成人右半肝移植,其中52例不含肝中静脉,4例双供肝肝移植。受者原发病为乙型肝炎肝硬化35例（62．5％,含急性肝功能衰竭12例）,肝细胞肝癌17例（30．4％）,其他4例;MELD评分〉25分者10例。供者常规行三维CT计算全肝体积及右半肝体积,并进行了移植手术技术改进。结果58例供者共摘取55例右半供肝及3例左半供肝。右半供肝均不含肝中静脉,重量为400—860g（中位数550g）,右半供肝与受者标准肝重比为31．7％-71．7％（中位数45．4％）,供者残肝体积均大于全肝体积的35％。58例供者发生并发症7例（12．5％）,无死亡。术后住院时间7—30d（中位数11d）。术后对56例受者随访2—52个月（中位数11个月）,发生并发症15例（26．8％）,死亡4例（7．2％）。1年实际生存率92．8％。结论采用不包含肝中静脉的右半供肝,术前CT测量残肝体积〉35％,同时右半供肝与受者标准肝重比〉40％者进行右半肝移植可保证供受者安全,反之则应考虑采用双供肝肝移植。     

下呼吸道感染患儿血清可溶性SIL－2R和免疫球蛋白IgG_4水平的研究

对反复下呼吸道感染患儿的血清可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ）和血清及唾液中免疫球蛋白（ＩｇＧ４）的水平进行了检测。结果表明：反复下呼吸道感染患儿在发病期间其血清可溶性白细胞介素－２受体水平比健康儿童明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），而血清及唾液中免疫球蛋白ＩｇＧ４与健康儿童相比明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５和Ｐ＜０．００５），提示反复下呼吸道感染的小儿存在着细胞和体液免疫紊乱。     

非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变的血流动力学分析

目的：探讨血流动力学因素在非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变（nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy,NAION)发生中的作用。方法对NAION患者48例50只眼和非ANION患者50例50只眼的肱动脉压、眼动压和眼压进行比较,结果NAION组的肱动脉、眼动脉收缩压和舒张压均显著低于非NAION组（P＜0．05）,而眼压显著高于非NAION组（P＜0．05）。眼动脉收缩压和舒张压与眼之差均显著低于非NAION组（P＜0．01）。结论相对的低血压,高压眼和眼动脉压与眼压的不平衡是引起NAION的重要因素。     

瑞芬太尼致术后患者痛觉过敏的队列研究

目的 观察瑞芬太尼引起术后痛觉过敏的发生情况并筛选影响因素.方法 选择2008年6-12月温州医学院附属第二医院术中使用瑞芬太尼和手术切口＜4 cm的全麻患者共1620例,分别在麻醉恢复室(PACU)、术后4 h及24 h记录痛觉过敏的发生情况,应用非条件Logistic回归模型分析与痛觉过敏可能有关的6个因素,即年龄、性别、麻醉维持方式、手术时间、手术部位和瑞芬太尼用量.结果 1620例患者共发生痛觉过敏261例(16.1%).年龄＜16岁的痛觉过敏发生率为25.9%,≥16岁为15.6%;男性痛觉过敏发生率为20.8%,女性为13.0%;手术时间＞2 h痛觉过敏发生率为32.7%,≤2 h为9.9%;瑞芬太尼用量＞30μg/kg痛觉过敏发生率为41.8%,≤30 μg/kg为4.8%,不同年龄、性别、手术时间及瑞芬太尼用量间比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).痛觉过敏各标准中肢体保护性动作存在及触、冷诱发痛两项发生率最高(39.0%,34.5%).Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄＜16岁、男性、手术时间＞2 h和瑞芬太尼用量＞30 μg/kg与痛觉过敏的发生存在相关(均P＜0.05).结论 年龄＜16岁、手术时间较长和瑞芬太尼用量偏多会增加痛觉过敏的发生,麻醉方法和手术部位不会影响痛觉过敏的发生.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the incidence of remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia and screen for the relevant influencing factors in the post-operative patients. Methods A total of 1620 patients from June 2008 to December 2008 in our hospital undergoing general anesthesia with remifentanil and whose length of operative incision was less than 4 cm were enrolled . The incidence of postoperative hyperalgesia was investigated and recorded at the timepoints of staying at post-anesthesia care unit ( PACU ), 4 h and 24 h postoperation respectively. The unconditional statistical analysis of Logistic regression was used to explore such possible influencing factors as age, gender, methods of general anesthesia, operative duration,operative sites and remifentanil dose. Results The incidence of postoperative remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia was 16.1% (n = 261 ). The incidence of postoperative hyperalgesia was significantly increased in patients ＜ 16 yrs (25.9%) vs ≥ 16 yrs ( 15.6% ) (P ＜ 0.05), males vs females (20.8% vs 13.0%,P＜0.01), operative duration ＞2 h (32.7%) vs ≤ 2 h (9.9%) (P＜0.01) and remifentanil dose ＞30 μg/kg (41.8%) vs ≤30 μg/kg (4.8%) (P ＜0.01 ). And the incidence of limb protective action,touch and cold-induced allodynia were the two highest indicators (39.0%, 34.5% ). Analysis of Logistic regression showed that ages under 16 years old, operative duration ＞2 h and remifentanil dose ＞30 μg/kg were relevant with hyperalgesia (all P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Ages under 16 years old, operative duration and remifentanil dose are the risk factors for postoperative remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia. Neither methods of general anesthesia nor operative sites has any effect on the occurrence of hyperalgesia.