Pharmacogenomics in bladder cancer

Bladder cancer is a common cancer worldwide. For patients presenting with muscle-invasive disease, the 5-year survival rate is approximately 50%. Cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy is recommended in the neoadjuvant setting before cystectomy and is also the first line in the metastatic setting. However, the survival benefit of such therapy is modest. The identification of pharmacogenomic biomarkers would enable the rational and personalized treatment of patients by selecting those patients that would benefit most from such therapies sparing others the unnecessary toxicity. Conventional therapies would be recommended for an expected responder, whereas a nonresponder would be considered for alternative therapies selected on the basis of the individual's molecular profile. Although few effective bladder cancer therapies have been introduced in the past 30 years, several targeted therapies against the molecular drivers of bladder cancer appear promising. This review summarizes pharmacogenomic biomarkers that require further investigation or prospective evaluation or both, and publicly available tools for drug discovery and biomarker identification from in vitro data.     

2379株肺炎克雷伯菌的临床分布与耐药性分析

目的分析医院2009年至2011年肺炎克雷伯菌(KPN)的临床分布及耐药性变化,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法收集临床分离的菌株,采用Vitek-2 Compact全自动微生物分析仪进行细菌鉴定及药物敏感性试验,应用Whonet 5.3软件统计数据。结果痰标本为肺炎克雷伯菌的主要标本来源,占65.04%~79.34%;儿科和脑外科为肺炎克雷伯菌主要分布的病区,分别占30.69%,15.81%;肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢类抗生素药物的耐药率较高,但耐药率逐年下降,对亚胺培南、美洛培南、奈替米星、庆大霉素、环丙沙星、哌拉西林他唑巴坦、左旋氧氟沙星的耐药率为3.03%~28.8%。结论该院肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率虽有所下降,但仍形势严峻,临床应继续根据药物敏感性试验结果合理使用抗菌药物。     

妈咪爱治疗儿童功能性便秘50例

目的观察妈咪爱治疗儿童功能性便秘的疗效。方法采用回顾性分析方法,将100例功能性便秘的患儿随机分为两组,各50例,对照组采用多饮水、多食蔬菜、水果等富含粗纤维素食物及进行排便习惯锻练等综合性常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上,加服妈咪爱,疗程均为1个月。比较两组治疗效果。结果治疗组总有效率为90.00%,明显高于对照组的70.00%(P<0.05)。结论妈咪爱治疗儿童功能性便秘可显著提高临床有效率,值得临床推广。     

172例人血清蛋白临床应用合理性调查与分析

目的 评价人血清蛋白的临床应用情况,并为临床合理用药提供实证。方法 利用美康合理用药临床药学工作站,从该院2010年应用人血清蛋白的住院患者中,随机抽取172例,对所选病例进行回顾性分析,获取有关临床应用信息,包括患者的年龄、性别、科室、诊断、疗程、用药原因、用药前白蛋白浓度等指标,将以上数据进行整理统计。结果 肝胆外科应用最多(26.1%);用量较大的主要是危重患者;在个人用量分布方面,以使用10~20 g的患者最多;用药原因以低蛋白血症所占比例最大(38.9%);使用人血清蛋白前患者血清清蛋白浓度分布主要集中在20~30 g/L范围内。结论 该院人血清蛋白的使用还存在一些问题,应遵循安全、有效、经济的用药原则,严格执行人血清蛋白的适应证,以获得最佳的效果。     

Using special Janus nanobelt as constitutional unit to construct anisotropic conductive array membrane for concurrently affording color-tunable luminescence and superparamagnetism

We have used electrospinning technology to fabricate a tri-functional nanobelt array membrane exhibiting tunable anisotropic electrical conduction, superparamagnetism and color-tunable luminescence by using a lab-made co-axis//single-axis spinneret and an aluminum drum collection device. Each one-dimensional (1D) Janus nanobelt is composed of luminescent-superparamagnetic bifunctional [Fe₃O₄/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)]@[Tb(BA)₃phen/Eu(BA)₃phen/PMMA] coaxial nanobelt and conducting polyaniline (PANI)/PMMA nanobelt. Moreover, all Janus nanobelts are aligned in the same manner to generate a two-dimensional (2D) array film. The conductance along the length is much stronger than the conductance in the width (two perpendicular directions). Therefore, the array membrane has excellent anisotropic electrical conduction. The conduction ratio reaches 10⁸ times between the length and width of the Janus nanobelt array membrane, which is the highest conduction ratio between the two perpendicular directions for nanobelt materials reported internationally. Furthermore, we can modulate the degree of electrically conducting anisotropy of the samples by varying the amount of PANI. In addition, the Janus nanobelt array membrane is concurrently endowed by superior and adjustable superparamagnetism and photoluminescence. Importantly, the innovative philosophy and manufacturing technique of the new Janus nanobelt array membrane provide an easy way to prepare multifunctional nano-membranes.

Flexible peculiar-structured Janus nanobelts and their array membranes of high electrically conductive anisotropy, luminescence and superparamagnetism were fabricated via electrospinning.     

Effect of iron ion diffusion on the corrosion behavior of carbon steels in soil environment

The corrosion behavior of metal materials in soil environments has been intensively studied recently. Even so, the detailed corrosion mechanisms remain elusive, especially regarding the role of metal ions. In this study, we investigated the effect of ion diffusion on the corrosion processes of carbon steel via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in situ laser Raman spectroscopy and scanning Kelvin probe (SKP). It was found that the Fe³⁺ diffusion was a key factor to the corrosion rate, as well as the formation of corrosion products. Typically, the corrosion products suppressed the diffusion of ions to the surface of carbon steels, and thus the cation diffusion coefficient played a significant role in formation processes of corrosion products, which furthermore affected the corrosion processes of the carbon steels.

The corrosion behavior of metal materials in soil environments has been intensively studied recently.