2015年中国大陆放疗基本情况调查研究

目的 为进一步了解当前中国大陆地区放疗基本情况,合理配置放疗人才及设备资源,有效促进中国放疗发展,中华医学会肿瘤放疗学分会进行了第7次调查。方法 2015年10月8日到2015年12月期间,专门成立放疗基本信息调查办公室,通过各省主委提供本省放疗单位、名单及联系方式,采用专用数据填报系统通过互联网完整、快速、高效的完成调查。结果 截至2016年1月20日(1)单位:1413家;(2)人员:52496人,其中放疗医师15841人(高级职称4824人)、技师8454人(高级职称260人)、物理师3294人(高级职称562人)、维修师938人(高级职称120人);(3)放疗设备:直线加速器1931台,⁶⁰Co远距离治疗机96台,X刀171台,γ刀210台,近距离治疗机439台,X线模拟定位机1051台,CT 1353台,MRI 642台,MLC 978套,TPS 1922套,放疗网络974家;(4)质控设备:剂量仪1729台,电离室2143台,二维矩阵935台,三维剂量验证仪540台,三维水箱596台,仿真体摸844套,等效水体摸1168套;(5)治疗情况:病床数102171张(含综合医院肿瘤科病床),每日治疗76612人次,每年治疗919339人次。结论 调查结果显示中国大陆地区近年来放疗单位、放疗人员和设备均呈明显增加,放疗单位及设备分布、放疗人员结构趋于合理,但局部地区仍存在放疗设备尚不能满足医疗需求、专业技术人员缺乏等现实问题。     

CLCA1在结肠癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨CLCA1在结肠癌组织中的表达水平及其与肿瘤进展和预后的关系.方法:随机选取西安交通大学第一附属医院及第四军医大学西京医院行手术切除的临床结肠癌病例239例,应用免疫组织化学方法检测结肠癌组织及癌旁组织中CLCA1的表达情况,使用统计学方法分析CLCA1在结肠癌中的表达与肿瘤临床病理特征及预后的相关性.结果:...     

Selected ethical issues in research and publication: perceptions of health education faculty.

A national random sample of 195 university health education faculty at graduate degree-granting programs completed a 31-item survey with regard to their perceptions of ethical issues in research and publishing. Most respondents were male (57%), tenured (75%), had graduate faculty status (92%), had presented original research at conferences (85%), and had published articles in health education journals (89%). Faculty members were requested to assess whether 21 scenarios dealing with ethical issues in research and publishing were ethical, unethical, questionable, or not an ethical issue. Of the scenarios, 3 were considered ethical and 7 unethical by the majority of respondents. The perceptions of how ethical the remaining 11 scenarios were varied considerably. Perceptions of the ethical scenarios did not differ among respondents by sex, academic rank, years taught as a faculty member, whether the department taught units/classes on research ethics, or whether the respondents were from doctoral-level versus master's-level programs.     

内皮素—1在内毒素灌注大鼠原位肝脏中的作用

应用肝脏原位灌注模型，探讨了内皮素１（ＥＴ１）在内毒素所致肝损伤中的作用。选用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠２４只，分为对照组、ＥＴ１组、内毒素组、内毒素＋ＥＴ１抗体组。观察了肝组织中ＥＴ１、一氧化氮（ＮＯ）、前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、三磷酸腺苷（ＡＴＰ）和肝组织学变化。结果显示：内毒素能使肝组织ＥＴ１含量增加；内毒素和ＥＴ１均能使细胞脂质过氧化物形成和酶的漏出，还能使肝细胞浊肿变性；ＥＴ１抗体能部分拮抗内毒素所致的肝损伤。结果表明：ＥＴ１参与了内毒素所致的肝损伤作用。     

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis: a historical perspective

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a term used to describe impaired venous drainage from the central nervous system (CNS) caused by abnormalities in anatomy and flow affecting the extracranial veins. Recently, it has been proposed that CCSVI may contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). It is hypothesized that venous obstruction results in abnormal flow that promotes inflammation at the blood-brain barrier and that this triggers a process marked by a disturbance of homeostasis within the CNS that leads to demyelination and neurodegeneration. The venous abnormalities of CCSVI are often diagnosed by ultrasound or magnetic resonance venography, however the prevalence of CCSVI detailed in groups of MS patients and patients without MS varies widely in published reports. Increased standardization of diagnostic studies to evaluate both anatomical and physiological findings associated with CCSVI is needed. The purpose of this article is to provide a background to understand the development of the theory of CCSVI and to frame the relevant issues regarding its diagnosis and relationship to the pathogenesis of MS.     

Molecular imaging: a primer for interventionalists and imagers

The characterization of human diseases by their underlying molecular and genomic aberrations has been the hallmark of molecular medicine. From this, molecular imaging has emerged as a potentially revolutionary discipline that aims to visually characterize normal and pathologic processes at the cellular and molecular levels within the milieu of living organisms. Molecular imaging holds promise to provide earlier and more precise disease diagnosis, improved disease characterization, and timely assessment of therapeutic response. This primer is intended to provide a broad overview of molecular imaging with specific focus on future clinical applications relevant to interventional radiology.     

Aortic dissection and malperfusion syndrome: a when, what and how-to guide

Malperfusion syndrome is a complication of aortic dissection caused by branch-vessel involvement and resulting in end-organ ischaemic dysfunction. Clinical diagnosis is mandatory, and imaging plays a critical role in confirmation and treatment planning. Radiologists must focus on detecting complications (findings of aortic dilation, rupture, organ ischaemia, etc.) and defining vascular compromise and associated malperfusion mechanisms. All these factors guide the multidisciplinary discussion concerning patient management and the suitability of endovascular treatment. Application of dedicated imaging protocols is mandatory in order to answer clinical and anatomical questions. Endovascular therapy has taken a predominant role in the therapeutic management of malperfusion syndrome with aortic fenestration, peripheral stenting and stent-grafting, all of which are procedures within the domain of expertise of current interventional radiologists. The purpose of this editorial is to present a when, what and how-to guide for all radiologists who encounter complicated aortic dissection.     

Decreased expression of NDRG1 in glioma is related to tumor progression and survival of patients

The aim of the study was to examine the expression of NDRG1 gene in glioma samples with different WHO grades and its association with survival. About 168 glioma specimens and 21 normal control tissues were collected. Immunochemistry assay, quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were carried out to investigate the expression of NDRG1 and Myc. Kaplan–Meier method and Cox’s proportional hazards model were used in survival analysis. Immunohistochemistry showed that Ndrg1 expression was reduced in glioma. NDRG1 mRNA and protein levels were lower in glioma compared to control on real-time PCR and Western blot analysis (P < 0.001). Its expression levels increase from grade IV to grade I glioma on real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry analysis (P < 0.001) and Western blot. On the contrary, the expression of Myc by real-time PCR and Western blot showed the opposite trend of NDRG1. The survival rate of Ndrg1-negative patients was lower than that of Ndrg1-positive patients. We confirmed that the loss of NDRG1 expression was a significant and independent prognostic indicator in glioma by multivariate analysis. NDRG1 may play an inhibitory role during the development of glioma and may be a potential prognosis predictor of glioma. Boqian Sun and Dake Chu contributed equally to this article.