紫外分光光度法测定复方苯甲酸涂剂中苯甲酸和水杨酸的含量

目的：建立复方苯甲酸制剂中苯甲酸和水杨酸含量的检测方法,方法：采用紫外分光光度法,直接测定两组分的含量,结果：可同时测出苯甲酸和水杨酸的各自含量,且吸收度与各自浓度良好性线性关系,苯甲酸平均回收率为１００．２％,ＲＳＤ为０．２０％,水杨酸平均回收率为１００．４％,ＲＳＤ为０．３２％,结论;本方法简便,快速,可靠,可用于复方苯酸制剂中苯甲酸和水杨酸的含量测定。     

Relationship between cardiopulmonary response to exercise and adiposity in survivors of childhood malignancy

Many long term sequelae result from previous treatment for malignancy in childhood. However, little information exists on cardiopulmonary response and energy expenditure during exercise and their possible associations with excess body fat. Measurements of body composition and exercise capacity both at low intensity and maximal aerobic capacity were made on 56 long term survivors of childhood malignancy (35 survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and 21 survivors of other malignancies) and 32 siblings acting as controls. Female survivors of ALL had significantly greater mean (SD) body fat than survivors of other malignancies and siblings (32.5 (6.4)% v 24.3 (4.4)% and 26.3 (8.5)% respectively, p < 0.005). Energy expenditure at low intensity exercise was reduced in survivors of ALL, and negatively correlated with body fat after controlling for weight (partial r range -0.21 to -0.47, p < 0.05). Stroke volume, measured indirectly, was reduced and heart rate raised in ALL survivors at sub-maximal exercise levels. Peak oxygen consumption was significantly reduced in girls and boys treated for ALL compared with siblings (30.5 v 41.3 ml/kg/min for girls, p < 0.05 and 39.9 v 47.6 ml/kg/min for boys, p < 0.05 respectively). Reduced exercise capacity may account in part for the excess adiposity observed in long term survivors of ALL.     

A STUDY OF METHODS USED FOR DISINFECTION OF ANAESTHETIC EQUIPMENT BETWEEN TWO SURGICAL OPERATIONS AT A LARGE TEACHING HOSPITAL

A prospective study on the growth of bacteria on certain commonly used anaesthetic equipment was undertaken in a large teaching hospital with a view to assess the effectiveness of disinfection/sterilization procedures. Samples for microbiological assessment were drawn by the worker using standardised procedures and tested in the laboratory by a microbiologist, blinded to the type of sample. Criteria for growth positivity was taken as > 25 colony forming units. A total of 90 observations were taken. 30 each for ’before use’, ’after use’ and ’after disinfection’. Overall 54.6% of the equipment showed growth “before use” with maximum growth being seen in Suction catheters (66.6%) and Guedal airways (60.0%). On the other hand, the proportion of equipment showing growth “after use” was quite high (84.6%), with suction catheters and endotracheal tubes showing 90.0% growth each. There was significant difference as regards “before” and “after” use growth on Endotracheal tubes, Guedel airways and Face masks (p < 0.05). Analysis of growth “after” disinfection” revealed that the probability of growth remains as high as 70% in suction catheters (95% CI=54% to 86%) and 60% in laryngoscopes (95% CI=43% to 78%). The study revealed gross inadequacies in methods of disinfection being followed at present.KEY WORDS: Anaesthetic equipment, Disinfection     

Abnormal prothrombin crossed-immunoelectrophoresis in patients with lupus inhibitors

Prothrombin deficiency has been known to occur in association with lupus inhibitors for over 25 years. We studied 21 patients with lupus inhibitors and found that four of five with prothrombin deficiency and ten of 16 with quantitatively normal prothrombin had abnormal prothrombin crossed-immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) characterized by material moving slower in the first dimension of electrophoresis than normal prothrombin. In two patients with prothrombin deficiency, all prothrombin measured by quantitative assay and all slow-moving material on CIEP were removed by treatment with Staphylococcal protein A (SPA). These patients had free antibody, which bound to normal plasma prothrombin, forming larger amounts of slow-moving material on CIEP. A third patient with prothrombin deficiency had only partial removal of prothrombin after SPA treatment. Two patients with quantitatively normal prothrombin had all slow-moving material on CIEP and about one fourth of the prothrombin by quantitative assay removed by SPA treatment. There was no correlation among the strength of the inhibitor, the presence of a "cofactor effect," and the prothrombin abnormality. These data suggest that heterogeneous antiprothrombin antibodies, with or without prothrombin deficiency, are present in the majority of patients with lupus inhibitors.     

身高、体质量、年龄对术中体感诱发电位监护的影响

目的 研究脊柱侧凸病人体质量、身高、年龄与术中体感诱发电位（SEP）监护的关系. 方法 以70例脊柱侧凸病人为对象,其中男性19例,女性51例;年龄4～35岁,平均年龄17.5岁;身高100～188 cm,平均159.44 cm;体质量15.5～84 kg,平均44.39 kg.分析术中皮层和下皮层SEP的潜伏期和波幅在不同手术阶段的百分比变化率与体质量、身高、年龄的相关性. 结果 数据统计结果显示,各监护阶段SEP波峰潜伏期和波幅的百分比变化率与病人的体质量、身高和年龄没有显著的相关性（相关系数｜ r ｜＜0.35,P＞0.05）. 结论 在脊柱侧凸矫形手术术中脊髓监护过程中,病人的身高、体质量和年龄不会对SEP监护结果产生影响.     

自适应噪声减法器用于提高体感诱发电位信噪比

目的利用自适应方法实现从强噪声背景中快速提取体感诱发电位信号。方法采用最小均方误差算法对自适应噪声减法器进行设计，以15例接受脊柱外科手术的病人为对象，将600次刺激响应的SEP做叠加平均得到的信号作为标准的SEP模板，用脑电图（EEG）加白噪声来模拟临床中干扰SEP的噪声。通过仿真实验检验自适应噪声减法器提取SEP信号的性能。结果自适应噪声减法器可以将信噪比提高25dB左右：自适应噪声减法器提取出的SEP信号与SEP模板信号间潜伏期和峰峰幅值的百分比误差均分别小于1％和6％。结论运用白适应噪声减法器可以实现从强噪声背景中快速提取SEP，在提高检测信号信噪比的同时。更快地识别SEP的潜伏期及幅值。     

Individual differences in psychotic effects of ketamine are predicted by brain function measured under placebo

The symptoms of major psychotic illness are diverse and vary widely across individuals. Furthermore, the prepsychotic phase is indistinct, providing little indication of the precise pattern of symptoms that may subsequently emerge. Likewise, although in some individuals who have affected family members the occurrence of disease may be predicted, the specific symptom profile may not. An important question, therefore, is whether predictive physiological markers of symptom expression can be identified. We conducted a placebo-controlled, within-subjects study in healthy individuals to investigate whether individual variability in baseline physiology, as assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging, predicted psychosis elicited by the psychotomimetic drug ketamine and whether physiological change under drug reproduced those reported in patients. Here we show that brain responses to cognitive task demands under placebo predict the expression of psychotic phenomena after drug administration. Frontothalamic responses to a working memory task were associated with the tendency of subjects to experience negative symptoms under ketamine. Bilateral frontal responses to an attention task were also predictive of negative symptoms. Frontotemporal activations during language processing tasks were predictive of thought disorder and auditory illusory experiences. A subpsychotic dose of ketamine administered during a second scanning session resulted in increased basal ganglia and thalamic activation during the working memory task, paralleling previous reports in patients with schizophrenia. These results demonstrate precise and predictive brain markers for individual profiles of vulnerability to drug-induced psychosis.     

紫外分光光度法测定背景未知的复方制剂组分

本文利用目标转换因子分析中具有使纯组分光谱可向自身逼近的性质,提出了一种迭代目标转换因子分析算法,用于寻找未知背景光谱.通过在复方扑热息痛注射液分析中的应用,扑热息痛和安替比林的平均回收率均为100.0％,变异系数分别为1.1％和1.0％。结果表明本法为含有未知背景的多组分体系的紫外分光光度分析提供了可行的途径。