Prader-Willi syndrome

To complement the 2005 Annual Clinical Focus on medical genomics, AFP is publishing a series of short reviews on genetic syndromes. This series was designed to increase awareness of these diseases so that family physicians can recognize and diagnose children with these disorders and understand the type of care they might require in the future. This review discusses Prader-Willi syndrome.     

成体干细胞可塑性的研究近况

成体干细胞(ASC)是指那些存在于已分化组织中的未分化细胞。研究表明，在特定的条件下ASC可以改变其原有的分化方向跨系分化形成各种非来源组织的细胞类型，即具有可塑性。现就ASC可塑性的研究现状、机制、应用前景及存在的问题作一综述。     

Initial severity of metabolic acidosis predicts the development of acute lung injury in severely traumatized patients

OBJECTIVES: First, to determine whether the severity of shock, as measured by systemic hypotension and metabolic acidosis, is significantly associated with a higher risk of acute lung injury in patients with severe trauma. Second, to determine whether the volumes of blood and crystalloid solutions administered in the early posttrauma period are independent risk factors for acute lung injury in severely traumatized patients. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Level I urban trauma center in a university hospital. PATIENTS: A total of 102 severely injured, mechanically ventilated trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score > or =16 and aged between 18 and 75 yrs. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Initial clinical and laboratory data were collected in the emergency department, and on a daily basis thereafter during the patient's intensive care unit stay. Of the 102 severely injured patients enrolled, 42 developed acute lung injury (41%) and 60 did not (59%). A total of 93% of the trauma patients who developed acute lung injury during the 17-month study period were included in the study. Initial base deficit was significantly lower in patients who developed acute lung injury than in those who did not (-8.8+/-4.5 vs. -5.6+/-5.1, p<.01). The difference in systolic blood pressure between the two groups was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: In this group of severely injured trauma patients, the degree of metabolic acidosis at the time of admission identified those patients with the highest probability of developing acute lung injury. In addition, the volume of crystalloid solution administered during the first 24 hrs was significantly greater in patients who later developed acute lung injury. Finally, there was a significantly higher morbidity in patients who developed acute lung injury, whereas mortality did not differ between the two groups.     

补充VA、VE对梭曼中毒大鼠体内抗氧化能力影响的初探

目的 研究梭曼对急性中毒大鼠的自由基损伤作用,探讨维生素A、E的抗氧化作用。方法 雄性大鼠,随机分为对照组、阳性组、VA组、VE组。灌胃10d,第11d除阴性组外其余各组大鼠均皮下注射0．9LD50梭曼,2h后取样,测定各组全血和肝组织的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－Px)、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、VE和总抗氧化力（T－AOC）。结果 梭曼中毒2h后,GSH－Px活性、T－AOC水平、VE含量降低。维生素A、E均有效的抑制其变化。结论 梭曼对大鼠有自由基损伤作用,维生素A、E对梭曼中毒大鼠过氧化损伤具有保护作用,提示维生素A、E对梭曼中毒有预防作用。     

中国傣族传统医药概况

１中国傣族传统医药学的历史渊源傣族是一个信仰佛教（南传上座部佛教）的民族,而佛教吸收了大量的古印度医学成就,这些医学成就被载入佛经传播于世。傣族人民因受佛教影响,随之也吸收了大量的古印度医学成就,并通过长期的斗争实践,形成了独特的“四塔五蕴”理论。这...     

高脂血症辨证选膳(续11)

~~高脂血症辨证选膳(续11)@东方旭~~     

中药抗缺血再灌注心律失常实验研究进展

缺血再灌注心律失常指冠状动脉在某种因素作用下短时间内血流中断，因自然开放、药物作用或机械再通等原因，血流重新灌注心肌，使心肌的生理、生化发生改变而出现的心律失常，是缺血再灌注损伤最常见的表现之一。再灌注心律失常以室性心律失常最常见，包括室性早搏（PVB）、室性心动过速（VT）以及室性纤颤（VF）。室性心律失常常会导致患者的血流动力学改变，是缺血再灌注期患者猝死的最主要原因之一。随着心血管病介入诊断治疗的广泛开展，再灌注心律失常的发生率有增加趋势。近年来对本症的研究逐渐增多，其中中医药防治心肌缺血再灌注心律失常机制及疗效的实验研究发展很快。现结合相关文献综述如下。     

Novel Rho kinase inhibitors with anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory activities

Increased Rho kinase (ROCK) activity contributes to smooth muscle contraction and regulates blood pressure homeostasis. We hypothesized that potent and selective ROCK inhibitors with novel structural motifs would help elucidate the functional role of ROCK and further explore the therapeutic potential of ROCK inhibition for hypertension. In this article, we characterized two aminofurazan-based inhibitors, GSK269962A [N-(3-{[2-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1-ethyl-1H-imidazo[4, 5-c]pyridin-6-yl]oxy}phenyl)-4-{[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-oxy}benzamide] and SB-7720770-B [4-(7-{[(3S)-3-amino-1-pyrrolidinyl]carbonyl}-1-ethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-amine], as members of a novel class of compounds that potently inhibit ROCK enzymatic activity. GSK269962A and SB-772077-B have IC50 values of 1.6 and 5.6 nM toward recombinant human ROCK1, respectively. GSK269962A also exhibited more than 30-fold selectivity against a panel of serine/threonine kinases. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes, these inhibitors blocked the generation of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Furthermore, both SB-772077-B and GSK269962A induced vasorelaxation in preconstricted rat aorta with an IC50 of 39 and 35 nM, respectively. Oral administration of either GSK269962A or SB-772077-B produced a profound dose-dependent reduction of systemic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. At doses of 1, 3, and 30 mg/kg, both compounds induced a reduction in blood pressure of approximately 10, 20, and 50 mm Hg. In addition, administration of SB-772077-B also dramatically lowered blood pressure in DOCA salt-induced hypertensive rats. SB-772077-B and GSK269962A represent a novel class of ROCK inhibitors that have profound effects in the vasculature and may enable us to further evaluate the potential beneficial effects of ROCK inhibition in animal models of cardiovascular as well as other chronic diseases.