Decreased mtDNA Copy Number of Gastric Cancer： a New Tumor Marker？

Objective To explore the relationship between mtDNA (mitochondnal DNA) and gastric cancer by comparing the difference of mtDNA copy number in gastric cancers and paracancerous tissues. Methods The HV1 (hypervariable region) and HV2 of the mitochondrial D-loop region from 20 cases of gastric cancer and 20 paracancerous tissues were amplified by PCR with βactin serving as a quantitative standard marker. The products were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and silver stained in order to compare the difference in mtDNA copy number between gastric cancers and paracancerous tissues. The mtDNA copy number was determined for gastric cancers having various pathological characteristics and the results compared with previous immunohistochemical staining of the tumors. Results There was a significantly quantitative difference in HV1, HV2 (standardized with βactin) between gastric cancers and paracancerous tissues (P<0.01 ). The mtDNA copy number was associated with important enzymes in the nucleus such as AKP, cAMP-PDE and cGMP-PDE (P< 0.05), but not associated with tumor histological type and invasive depth (P> 0.05). Conclusion The occurrence of gastric cancer was closely associated with decreased mtDNA copy number, which may be a new tumor marker. This work was supported by the research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30371607).     

Ability of a Specific ERK Signal-Pathway Inhibitor to Reverse P-Glycoprotein- Mediated Vincristine Resistance in Colon Cancer Cell Unes

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of a specific inhibitor PD098059 of the extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway on the P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated resistance of colon cancer cell lines SW480/VCR and CoLo205NCR.METHODS SW480NCR and CoLo205NCR cells were generated byexposuring SW480 and CoLo205 cells to vincristine (VCR) (30 ng/ml) for 72h, which resulted in a comparatively higher level of P-gp expression.Western blotting was used to analyze P-gp, MRP, LRP, GST-‘rr and TOPOIIexpression after exposuring the SW480 and CoLo205 cells to VCR (30 ng/ml)for 72 hrs. P-gp and pERK1/2 expressions was analyzed in SW480NCR andCoLo205/VCR cells treated with or without the specific inhibitor of MEK,PD098059. The MTT assay was used to determine the susceptibility ofSW480NCR and CoLo205NCR cells to VCR, treated with or withoutPD098059.I~F.SULI“S The results showed that VCR induced a comparatively higher levelof P-gp expression in the cell lines, but not that of MRP, LRP, GST-n- orTOPOII. P-gp expression levels were depressed significantly in SW480/VCR and COLO205/VCR cells by the specific inhibitor of MEK, PD098059.The IC50 (248 19.6 and 215 10.7 ng/ml) to VCR of SW480/VCR andCoLo205/VCR cells exhibited a 2.16 and 2.03-fold higher resistancecompared to the negative control group (SW480 and CoLo205 cells)(115 15.6 and 106 11.9 ng/ml), but a 1.35 and 1.21 -fold higher resistance thanthe group treated with VCR (30 ng/ml) PD098059 (184 21.8 and 177 19.4 ng/ml).CONCLUSION This study shows that the expression of P-gp can beinduced by exposuring cells to VCR, and that this induction can be reversedby inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway at the point of MEK by its specificinhibitor, PD098059. The ERK signal-transduction pathway may play a rolein modulating mdrl expression in colon cancer.     

《伤寒论》有关通阳问题的探讨

针对普遍重视温阳 ,而对通阳认识不足 ,甚至以温代通的现象 ,以《伤寒论》为例 ,从通阳在于温和通阳不在温两个方面 ,探讨温阳与通阳在用药、治法及适应证候方面的区别 ,重在阐明通阳不在温的理论和辨证意义     

饮食因素与女性乳腺癌危险性的病例对照研究

[目的]探讨各类饮食因素与女性乳腺癌危险性的关系。[方法]采用以人群为基础的病例对照研究,调查上海市1999年4月至10月间确诊的乳腺癌患者(n=356)和全人群对照(n=925)的一般情况和饮食摄入情况等,采用量化食物摄入频度问卷调查表估价之前5年内的食物摄入情况。[结果]经调整潜在混杂因素后多因素分析发现,以最低摄入量组作参照,新鲜豆类每月平均摄入量在1773g~3748g、>3748g者患乳腺癌的危险性显著下降,OR值(95%CI)分别是0.63(95%CI=0.43~0.93)和0.61(95%CI=0.41~0.91),并有剂量效应关系(P<0.01)。其中毛豆、其他新鲜豆类分别和乳腺癌危险性呈负相关(P<0.01,P=0.04)。将每年摄入量按四分位法分组后,以最低剂量组作参比,随着腌晒类食品和油炸食品摄入量的增加女性患乳腺癌的危险性也增加(趋势检验P=0.02,P=0.01)。[结论]新鲜豆类对女性乳腺癌具有保护作用,而各类腌晒食品和油炸食品特别是油炸鱼/肉、油炸面食以及油煎花生米可增加女性乳腺癌的危险性。     

血清白细胞介素2检测在恶性腹水白细胞介素2治疗中的应用

目的 对恶性腹水患者血清白细胞介素2(IL-2)水平进行测定,了解血清IL-2水平与腹腔灌注IL-2治疗疗效之间的关系,以期获得判定恶性腹水IL-2治疗疗效的指标。方法 54例恶性非肝癌性腹水患者均接受IL-2腹腔灌注治疗,治疗前应用ELISA法检测血清IL-2水平,将IL-2测定值较高的27例患者分为A组,IL-2测定值较低的27例患者分为B组。比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果 血清IL-2测定值较低组IL-2腹腔灌注治疗的有效率为77.8％(21/27),明显高于IL-2测定值较高组的51.9％(14/27,P<0.05)。结论 恶性腹水患者IL-2腹腔灌注治疗前血清IL-2水平高低与IL-2治疗的疗效明显相关,原有IL-2水平较低的患者IL-2腹腔灌注治疗的疗效较好。血清IL-2水平可作为判定IL-2腹腔灌注治疗疗效的指标。     

肺癌患者淋巴结微转移灶的检测的预后价值

目的：通过免疫组化的方法检测非小细胞肺癌患术后常规病理检查阴性的淋巴结的微转移灶，研究其预后价值。方法：用免疫组化角蛋白(CK)染色的方法检测术后常规病理学检查阴性的淋巴结中的微转移灶，以此研究非小细胞肺癌患淋巴结微转移灶的检出和患生存期的关系。结果：在39例患的90枚阴性淋巴结中22例患(56．4％)的26枚淋巴结(28．89％)检出微转移灶。有无复发转移患的淋巴结微转移率有显性差异(81％vs39％，P=0．02)；有无微转移灶的患的生存期各为32个月和48个月，3年生存率各为35％和75％(P=0．0178)。结论：淋巴结微转移灶的检测可以作为非小细胞肺癌患手术后的一个重要的预后指标。     

乳腺叶状肿瘤预后因素的统计学分析

目的:探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤的预后因素。方法:对有随访结果的203例肿瘤的15个临床、病理学参数作统计学Log-Rank检验和Cox单及多因素分析。 结果和结论:术式、核分裂、瘤细胞异型性、肿瘤性坏死、瘤组织分化方向、瘤实质内薄壁血管数、单视野内核分裂增多、病理性核分裂、切除后复发、组织学等级和间质细胞密度11个参数为单风险因素,核分裂和肿瘤性坏死是独立的风险因素。     

上海市区女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤发病趋势分析

目的对1972～1999年上海市区常见的女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤的发病率进行统计,分析其发病趋势及变化原因,为防治措施的制定提供依据.方法根据上海市肿瘤发病登记处收集的1972～1999年的上海市区卵巢癌、宫颈癌、宫体癌和不明部位子宫癌的病例资料和相应年份的人口资料,分别计算各年龄组的年龄别发病率.并采用直接法计算世界人口标化发病率,对数线性回归法计算标化率的年变化率(Annual percentage change,APC),并对病例数进行加权计算.结果1972～1999年上海市肿瘤登记处共登记卵巢癌6106例、宫颈癌8063例,宫体癌3 933例和不明部位子宫癌1 312例.28年来,宫体癌和卵巢癌的标化发病率呈上升趋势,分别从1972～1974年的2.49/10万和4.77/10万上升至1996～1999年的4.75/10万和6.88/10万,年增长率分别为3.0%和2.0%.同期宫颈癌的标化发病率从26.66/10万快速下降至2.18/10万,年下降率达10.5%.不明部位子宫癌的标化发病率亦呈下降趋势(P＜0.01).宫体癌以55～64和65～74岁组发病率上升最快,年增长率分别为2.5%和3.3%.卵巢癌各年龄组的发病率均有上升趋势,年变化率都在1.0%以上.宫颈癌发病率下降最快的年龄组是45～54和55～64岁组,25～34和35～44岁组的发病率在近几年有升高趋势.结论上述肿瘤的发病率及年龄别发病率的变化趋势提示,上海女性生活方式和环境因素的改变可能是导致这种变化的重要原因.     

西南地区鼻和鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的临床病理特征及预后分析

目的分析西南地区鼻和鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的临床病理特征及影响预后的因素.方法分析120例鼻和鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的病理形态及免疫表型、临床特点、治疗和生存情况.结果120例患者总的5年生存率为54.1%.大型瘤细胞生存率较中小型瘤细胞低(P＜0.01),病变中有坏死及血管浸润者生存率明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),而瘤细胞分布及患病年龄与预后关系不大,临床Ⅰ～Ⅱ期与Ⅲ～Ⅳ期两组病例生存率差异有显著性(P＜0.01),累及多个部位、伴有穿孔及全身症状者生存率低于对照组(P＜0.05).综合治疗疗效优于单一治疗及未治疗组(P＜0.01),单一治疗近期疗效好,而远期疗效与未治疗组差异无显著性(P＞0.05).Cox Regression分析结果亦表明瘤细胞大小、分期及治疗方法与预后密切相关.结论瘤细胞大小、坏死、血管浸润、穿孔、B症状、分期、病变范围和治疗方法与鼻和鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的预后相关,其中瘤细胞大小、分期和治疗方法是其主要的预后因素.