经直肠超声下的前列腺低回声区及其临床意义

目的评估经直肠超声下的前列腺低回声区及其临床意义。方法1999年8月～2004年8月，共438例患者接受了经直肠超声引导前列腺系统穿刺活检术。活检点数为6～13点。如果经直肠超声检查发现前列腺的低回声区，亦加取该区部位的活检。将低回声区、等回声区的活榆结果进行比较。结果总的癌检出率为25．6％（112／438）。112例前列腺癌患者中，有低回声区者75例，占67％，无低回声区者37例，占33％。本组总共取得3504个活检点，取自低回声区者636个。636个低回声区中癌区163个，占25．6％，非癌区473个，占74．4％。腺体中有或无低回声区检出前列腺癌的可能性相当，为25．2％（75／298）和26．4％（37／140），差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论多数前列腺癌可发现低回声区，但多数低回声区并非前列腺癌。腺体中有无低同声区对前列腺癌的检出率相当。     

颅内后循环远端动脉瘤的介入治疗

目的回顾性分析20例以电熔断解脱弹簧圈栓塞的后循环远端动脉瘤的治疗结果,探讨颅内动脉后循环远端动脉瘤的介入治疗方法与安全性。方法20例患者(其中18例以自发性蛛网膜下腔出血起病,2例以头痛起病)经造影证实大脑后动脉、小脑上动脉、小脑前下动脉、小脑后下动脉之远端动脉瘤分别为2例、4例、4例、10例。其中小脑上动脉供血之动静脉畸形1例,伴有血流相关破裂动脉瘤。小脑后下动脉远端多发动脉瘤1例。所有动脉瘤均采用GDC、EDC或Matrix弹簧圈栓塞。其中单纯栓塞动脉瘤2例;栓塞动脉瘤同时栓塞载瘤动脉18例。结果所有病例栓塞操作均顺利完成,无手术相关的死亡,术后出现一过性功能障碍2例;载瘤动脉栓塞后多数可见侧支供血,未见叫显的小脑供血减少。结论后循环远端动脉瘤由于动脉瘤特性、载瘤动脉细小、动脉瘤与载瘤动脉比例等因素,多需要闭塞载瘤动脉。为避免可能造成的侧支血管的闭塞,建议用弹簧圈栓塞。     

抗生素的合理使用

随着医药工业的发展,新药层出不穷。以抗生素为例,20世纪50年代临床用的抗生素只有青、链、红、氯四大素,现在常用临床的抗生素以有100多种,临床医生长期来忙与医疗任务,如何掌握新药信息,做到合理选药,合理用药,使药物的药理作用转化为治疗效应,已成为临床医生日益关心的问题。1抗生素在临床应用中存在问题1.1常规固定方案长期以来根据以往的经验或资料,正式或非正式采用抗生素治疗方案。如:氨苄西林+庆大霉素、青霉素+庆大霉素、红霉素+氯霉素。由于对致病菌针对性不强,以致延误治疗。1.2抗生素在选择中存在问题随着医药工业的发展,抗生素…     

Return to work of professional drivers after cardiac rehabilitation]

This study analysed the possibilities of returning to work of professional drivers after a cardiac event and rehabilitation. The population comprised 94 consecutive patients, all men, average age 48.8 years (range 30 to 63 years) referred after coronary bypass surgery (N = 39), myocardial infarction (N = 38), angina (N = 4) or valve replacement surgery (N = 13). Advice on professional reinsertion was given after the rehabilitation program, authorization to drive being given in the absence of cardiac symptoms, residual myocardial ischaemia, severe left ventricular dysfunction and serious ventricular arrhythmias. After 35 months, 4 patients were lost to follow-up; of the 90 remaining patients, the frequency of return to work (maximal at the 9th month) was 65.6% with 84.7% obtaining a renewal of their driving licence. In this series, 81% of patients were asymptomatic, 2 died, 16.7% had further cardiovascular complications. The morbidity and mortality were significantly greater in the group who had to stop driving (N = 40) (32.5% vs 8%, p < 0.001). Non complications occurred during work in those who resumed driving. This study confirms the safety of allowing low risk professional drivers, identified during cardiac rehabilitation by simple, reliable clinical and paraclinical criteria, to return to work.     

应用γ—氨基丁酸等治疗癫痫79例临床观察：附30例脑电地形图对照

本文报道了应用γ—氨基丁酸（GABA）等治疗79例癫痫病例。其中应用GABA31例，GABA＋VitB626例，GABA＋VitB6＋Valium22例，并附30例治疗前后脑电地形图（BEAM）之对照分析。发现对癫痫病人具有不同程度的疗效，尤其对儿童、青少年患者及轻症患者疗效明显；对重症与难治性癫痫患者，应用本组药物可减轻症状，同时可减少抗癫痫药物之用量，从而达到减轻抗癫痫药物副作用之目的。     

Electromagnetic location of central venous catheters]

A new technique, the Cath Finder (Pharmacia Deltec) system, for locating central venous catheters is described. It was initially designed to facilitate the insertion of the PAS Port (Pharmacia Deltec), a long central venous catheter with an implantable chamber. It is based on a low intensity high frequency electromagnetic field generated by a locator wand. A preconnected sensor guide wire is introduced into the catheter so as to make the catheter tip detectable by the electromagnetic field. The wand is placed over an appropriate landmark on the anterior chest wall (third right rib, parasternally). When the centre of the field has been passed over by the sensor tip in the catheter-sensor assembly, a light signal is set off. This technique is simple and easily mastered. It is far less cumbersome than the usual techniques, like fluoroscopy and chest X-rays. The Cath Finder provides reliable continuous information on the position of the catheter tip during its insertion. It seems to provide an acceptable alternative to peroperative fluoroscopy. The accuracy of this system was assessed in ten patients. All had malignancies and required long term central venous access. In 6 cases, catheterisation and locating of the catheter were uneventful. In 2 cases, the catheter entered a wrong vein. The diagnosis having been made with the Cath Finder system, the false route was amended and the catheter placed accurately. In one case, the sensor in the catheter broke.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Information Fusing Recognition of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） Pulse State Based on Stochastic Fuzzy Neural Network

Based on the fuzzy characteristic of the pulse state and syndromes differentiation thinking mode of TCM, an information fusing recognition method of pulse states based on SFNN （Stochastic Fuzzy Neural Network） is presented in this paper. With the learning ability in parameters and structure, SFNN fuses the measurement information of three pulse-state sensors distributed in Cun, Guan, and Chi location of body for the pulse state recognition. The experimental results show that the percentage of correct recognition with new method is higher than that by single-data recognition one, with fewer off-line train numbers.     

Ki-67、增殖细胞核抗原、P53在脑膜瘤中的表达及意义

目的 :通过对 Ki- 6 7、增殖细胞核抗原、P5 3在脑膜瘤中的表达 ,进一步研究其与肿瘤的良、恶性及肿瘤复发的关系 ,从而更好判断其生物学行为。方法 :行脑膜瘤全切除手术治疗 ( Simpson's Grade or Grade )并经 9～12 4个月 ( 4 8± 9)随访的 6 0例 ,采用 SP免疫组化法 ,检测手术切除石蜡包埋的肿瘤标本的 Ki- 6 7、增殖细胞核抗原、P5 3抗原 ,以显微镜下的细胞核内出现棕色颗粒为阳性 ,计算 3者的标记指数 ( L abeling Index) .对患者的临床资料与肿瘤细胞的标记指数的差异性进行统计学分析。结果 :Ki- 6 7、增殖细胞核抗原、P5 3在不同病理形态脑膜瘤中的表达具有显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,恶性脑膜瘤、非典型性脑膜瘤中的表达明显高于良性脑膜瘤 ;同样在复发性脑膜瘤中其表达也明显高于非复发性脑膜瘤 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;良性脑膜瘤中 Ki- 6 7、增殖细胞核抗原的表达在复发组明显高于非复发组 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,而 P5 3的表达在复发组与非复发组无统计学意义 ( P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :( 1) Ki- 6 7、增殖细胞核抗原、P5 3的表达与病理分型和脑膜瘤术后复发有关。 ( 2 )良性脑膜瘤结合 Ki- 6 7、增殖细胞核抗原的表达情况可用来判断预后即有无复发的可能 ,从而进一步来指导临床治疗     

~(99m)Tc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像监测蒽环类药物的心脏毒性

目的 :探讨99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像在蒽环类药物心脏毒性监测中的价值。方法 :2 3例接受蒽环类药物治疗的患者 ,在治疗前进行心电图、心肌酶学检查、核素心室造影测左室射血分数 (LVEF)和99mTc MIBI心肌灌注断层显像并计算相对定量值。并于每一周期治疗后重复上述检查。结果 :蒽环类药物治疗一周期后 ,2 3例患者心肌相对定量值明显下降 (P <0 .0 1)。其中 11例吡喃阿霉素、6例表阿霉素和 6例米托蒽醌治疗的患者 ,心肌相对定量值明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,心电图和心肌酶学无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。蒽环类药物治疗多周期后的 10例患者心肌相对定量值较治疗前下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。 9例患者的心肌相对定量值 (最大累积剂量为 2 0 0mg/m2 )与一周期后无明显差别 (P >0 .0 5 )。10例患者治疗前及多周期治疗后LVEF均 >6 0 %,且化疗前后无明显差别 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :99mTC MIBI心肌灌注断层显像能监测蒽环类药物所致的心肌损害 ,且较左室射血分数敏感 ,比心电图和心肌酶学检查优越 ,有利于指导蒽环类药物的临床应用。