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Objectives
Vaccinations are the main pillar of primary prevention for infectious diseases. To guide and prioritize public health interventions, the Regional Health Agency has asked the Prevention, Vaccination, and Screening Center of the Sarthe department to assess vaccination coverage (VC) at the sub-departmental level. The main objective was to measure the VC among school children aged 14–15 years in Sarthe at the sub-departmental level.Patients and methods
We conducted a VC evaluation survey at the administrative district level among school children aged 14–15 years in the Sarthe department during the first quarter of the 2015–2016 school year.Results
Among 2384 randomly selected school children, 1171 were included in the study. At the departmental level, 85% of children were up to date for DTP, 72% for pertussis, 45% for hepatitis B, 31% for meningococcus C, 93% for measles, and 18% of girls had received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. Vaccination coverage varied by administrative districts.Conclusion
At the departmental level, all VC were below national goals. Territorial disparities could be explained by sociodemographic differences or differences in medical practices. This survey allowed us to identify areas and population groups where the CV rate justified public health actions. 相似文献55.
N. Guiso J.-L. Gallais G. Gavazzi D. Pinquier J. Gaillat 《Médecine et maladies infectieuses》2018,48(1):30-36
Objective
To assess the incidence of pertussis (whooping cough) in subjects aged 50 years and older in France.Methods
Participating family physicians (FPs) using the patient record management software AxiSanté® included patients aged 50 years and older, who had signed an informed consent form, presenting with persistent cough for 7 to 21 days. Bordetella genetic material was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on nasopharyngeal samples collected at the FP's discretion.Results
A total of 42 FPs included 129 patients from June 2013 to August 2014 (large cities: 38; medium-sized cities: 57; rural areas: 34); 106 samples were analyzed. Overall, 30 pertussis cases were diagnosed: 10 cases confirmed by PCR, 18 purely clinical cases, and two direct epidemiological cases. The crude incidence rate per 100,000 patients aged ≥ 50 years was 103.6 (95% CI: 69.9–47.9): 77.1 in large cities, 103.1 in medium-sized cities, and 143.9 in rural areas. The extrapolated incidence rate per 100,000 persons aged ≥ 50 years was 187.1 (95% CI: 126.2–67.1): 131.1 in large cities, 256.1 in medium-sized cities, and 242.2 in rural areas.Conclusion
The population aged 50 years and older can serve as a reservoir. Its role in Bordetella pertussis circulation should be taken into account for pertussis booster vaccination programs. 相似文献56.
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The multi-industrial applications of zinc oxide nanomaterials (ZnO NMs) lead to increasing exposure to humans. Though the ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) toxicity had been evaluated previously, toxicity of other forms of ZnO nanomaterials has not been evaluated. In this study, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of four different types of ZnO NMs were evaluated using human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL). In addition, the effect of anti-oxidants on ZnO NMs induced toxicity was also evaluated. Our results suggest that, size and shape of the nanomaterials have profound effects on their toxicity. The NPs and nanorods (NRs) possessed higher level of oxidative potential and ROS generation capacity than microparticles (MPs) and microrods (MRs). In contrast, MPs and MRs possessed higher level of lipid peroxidation capacity. The smaller NPs are more genotoxic while larger MPs and MRs were more cytotoxic in nature. Treatment with vitamin C or Quercetin significantly reduces the genotoxicity associated with ZnO NMs. The influence of size and shape in mediating NMs toxicity should be taken into account and the possible supplementation of anti-oxidants might mitigate the toxicity. 相似文献
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