Allgemeine Therapie

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Einfluß der Ultraviolettbestrahlung auf die Malignitätsdisposition des Kaninchenkrebses

Zusammenfassung Faßt man die Ergebnisse beider oben geschilderten Versuche zusammen, so kommt man zu dem Schluß, daß durch UV.-Bestrahlung in einigermaßen vernünftiger Dosierung die Malignitätsdisposition des Kaninchensnicht gesteigert wird. Selbst wenn man zugibt, daß durch extremste Überdosierung unter Umständen Neoplasmen entstehen können, so zeigen doch die eigenen Versuche die Unschädlichkeit einer mäßigen Strahlendosierung. Wir glauben, diese beim Kaninchen gewonnenen Ergebnisse auch auf den Menschen übertragen zu dürfen: Die von einigen Autoren festgestellte Möglichkeit eines Höhensonnen-krebses ist für die Praxisohne jede Bedeutung.Weiterhin aber geht aus den geschilderten Versuchen hervor, daß durch UV.-Bestrahlung allein oder in Kombination mit Eisentherapie die Malignitätsdisposition des Kaninchens in keiner Weise verringert wird.Sieht man von der unter besonderen Versuchsbedingungen geglücktenErzeugung maligner Tumoren durch extreme Bestrahlung ab, kommt man zu dem Schluß:Ultraviolette Strahlen und Carcinomwachstum haben miteinander nichts zu tun.     

Zyflamend Reduces the Expression of Androgen Receptor in a Model of Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed solid malignancy, and tumor cells eventually transform to castrate resistance through multiple pathways including activation of the androgen receptor via insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) signaling involving phospho-AKT (pAKT). In this study, a mixture of herbal extracts, Zyflamend®, was used as a treatment in a model of castrate-resistant prostate cancer using CWR22Rv1 cells. Zyflamend reduced androgen receptor and IGF-1R expression along with a reduction of IGF-1-mediated proliferation of CWR22Rv1 cells. IGF-1 induced downstream AKT phosphorylation; however, the induction of pAKT was not associated with androgen receptor expression. Further, constitutively active form of AKT had no effect on nuclear expression of androgen receptor, indicating that upregulation of pAKT did not promote androgen receptor expression or nuclear translocation in castrate-resistant CWR22Rv1 cells. Conversely, Zyflamend reduced androgen receptor expression following IGF-1 stimulation and in cells overexpressing pAKT. These results demonstrated that Zyflamend inhibited IGF-1-stimulated cell growth, IGF-1R expression, and androgen receptor expression and its nuclear localization, but these effects were not dependent upon phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/pAKT signaling. In conclusion, Zyflamend decreased cell proliferation and inhibited IGF-1R and androgen receptor expression in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/pAKT independent manner.     

Results of randomized controlled trials of low-versus high-osmolality contrast media

The authors reviewed 100 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in humans to compare safety or efficacy of new low-osmolality contrast media (LOM) with that of high-osmolality contrast media (HOM). Findings of the 43 RCTs judged to be of the highest quality suggest that the efficacy of LOM in imaging is equal or superior to that of HOM for all routes of administration. Heat sensation occurred less often with LOM for all routes and pain occurred less often with LOM for intraarterial routes. No differences were seen in nephrotoxicity or in frequency of nausea, vomiting, urticaria, bronchospasm, laboratory test abnormalities, or neurologic events. Greater cardiovascular changes were seen with HOM, including increased or decreased heart rate, increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, decreased systolic pressure, and QT prolongation, depending on route of administration. To demonstrate whether a reduction in clinically significant adverse outcomes truly occurs with LOM, trials will need to enlist larger numbers of patients and employ appropriate outcome measures. Future trials should stratify patients according to their risk of adverse reactions to provide better information about benefits of LOM in low- versus high-risk patients.