排尿对心血管事件的影响及护理

心血管疾病是威胁人类健康的主要疾病之一 ,对其影响因素的研究也日益深入和广泛。病人排尿不当往往成为心血管事件发生的诱因 ,应予重视。本文对某医院心肾内科住院病人中由于不当排尿引发的 2 3例心血管事件进行了总结分析 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　某医院心肾内科 2 0 0 2年— 2 0 0 3年共收治心脏病病人 412例 ,其中男 3 0 4例 ,女 10 8例。 2 3例病人因排尿不当引发心血管事件 ,发生率为 5 .5 8%。其中男 2 1例 ,女 2例 ;年龄 2 1岁～ 76岁 ,平均 48.3岁 ;入院诊断 :冠心病 15例 ,风湿性心脏病 4例 ,扩张型心肌病 4例。…     

7-(4,7-二取代香豆素-3-乙酰氨基)头孢菌素的合成

本文根据构效关系,设计并合成了17个7-(4,7-二取代香豆素-3-乙酰氨基)头孢菌素衍生物。其缩合方法采用酰氯法、Vilsmeier试剂法及混合酐法。初步体外抑菌试验表明,化合物对革兰氏阳性菌和少数革兰氏阴性菌有较强的抗菌作用。进一步药理试验尚在进行。     

7-(1,7-双取代-1,4-二氢-4-酮-1,8-萘啶-3-甲酰氨基)头孢菌素的合成

本文报道了以1,7-双取代-1,4-二氢-4-酮-1,8-萘啶-3-羧酸,用混合酸酐法与7-ACA,7-ADCA,7-ACT和7-ACD缩合,合成了24个1,7-双取代-1,4-二氢-4-酮-1,8-萘啶-3-甲酰胺头孢菌素衍生物,通过葡聚糖凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)及离心薄层层析纯化精制,得到纯品。体外抑菌试验结果表明:大多数新头孢菌素衍生物对革兰氏阳性菌具有较好的抗菌作用。尚有一些新头孢菌素衍生物对某些革兰氏阴性菌具有中等敏感程度。     

成人心房间隔缺损及肺高压的手术治疗

目的 报告49例成人心房间隔缺损(房缺)伴有肺高压的手术治疗，并评估其结果。方法 采用传统方法对各类型房缺进行手术。采用单向活瓣补片修补2例伴有严重肺动脉高压的房缺。术中同时对伴有显著二尖瓣与三尖瓣关闭不全者进行了瓣环成形术。结果 49例全部治愈，无1例死亡。术后1月、5月复查，心脏大小正常，心电图正常，血气分析正常；心功能Ⅰ级47例，心功能Ⅱ级2例。结论 成人房缺且合并有肺高压者应手术治疗。术中对合并显著二尖瓣与三尖瓣病变的处理，是术后心功能恢复的关键。单向瓣修补伴肺高压的房缺，降低了手术并发症与死亡率，是一种有效方法。     

Survey of microbes in hospital environment

Bacterial count and species distribution in hospital ward was investigated. It was shown that the in air total bacterial count was maximum in the second season of the year and the number of Streptococcus above the standard was in the first season. Bacteria in the air of the ward by number was in this order: Micrococcus tetragenus, Staphylococcus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus and Corynebacterium. According to the number of bacteria on the equipment and door handle of the ward, the order, was B. subtilis, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus. Disinfectant solution used for tools and instruments was proved to be effective. The observation is useful to hospital administration.     

慢性阻塞性肺病时血浆心房肽含量的变化及其临床意义

本文对54例COPD伴或不伴肺心病者的心房肽(ANP)含量进行了测定,发现伴肺心病者组ANP含量较正常组及单纯COPD组明显为高,且与其不同心功能状态密切相关。还发现血浆ANP水平与右房压、肺动脉压存在明显相关(r分别为0.48,0.51,P<0.05)。结果提示:COPD伴肺心病者血浆ANP含量明显升高,可能与水钠潴留及肺动脉高压所致的右心容量和压力负荷增加有关。     

Effects of extracellular calcium and magnesium on bile-salt-stimulated amylase release from rat pancreatic acini

The effects of extracellular calcium and magnesium on bile-salt-induced amylase release from rat pancreatic acini have been studied. The amylase releases caused by from 0.25 mM to 1.0 mM taurodeoxycholate (TDC) and by taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDC) at a concentration of more than 0.75 mM were reduced by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and increased by verapamil. EDTA and verapamil had no significant effect on the taurocholate (TC) (1.0-5.0 mM)-stimulated amylase release. The inhibiting effect of EDTA began to appear already during the initial 5 min and was not parallel to any change of lactate dehydrogenase release. The TDC- and TCDC-stimulated amylase release was strongly dependent on the concentrations of extracellular calcium and was only weakly dependent on extracellular magnesium. The TC-induced amylase release was slightly increased only at high concentrations of calcium and magnesium. It is suggested that the mechanism of dihydroxy bile-salt-induced amylase release from rat pancreatic acini is different from that of trihydroxy bile salt. The dihydroxy bile-salt-stimulated amylase release is dependent on extracellular calcium but does not seem to be related to the uptake of calcium by the acini.     

Novel Human Bocavirus in Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection

Human bocavirus (HBoV) and HBoV2, two human bocavirus species, were found in 18 and 10 of 235 nasopharyngeal aspirates, respectively, from children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection. Our results suggest that, like HBoV, HBoV2 is distributed worldwide and may be associated with respiratory and enteric diseases.     

Preventive HIV Vaccine Acceptability and Behavioral Risk Compensation among a Random Sample of High-Risk Adults in Los Angeles (LA VOICES)

Objective. To assess HIV vaccine acceptability among high‐risk adults in Los Angeles. Study Setting. Sexually transmitted disease clinics, needle/syringe exchange programs, Latino community health/HIV prevention programs. Study Design. Cross‐sectional survey using conjoint analysis. Participants were randomly selected using three‐stage probability sampling. Data Collection. Sixty‐minute structured interviews. Participants rated acceptability of eight hypothetical vaccines, each with seven dichotomous attributes, and reported post‐vaccination risk behavior intentions. Principal Findings. Participants (n=1164; 55.7 percent male, 82.4 percent ethnic minority, mean age=37.4 years) rated HIV vaccine acceptability from 28.4 to 88.6; mean=54.5 (SD=18.8; 100‐point scale). Efficacy had the greatest impact on acceptability, followed by side effects and out‐of‐pocket cost. Ten percent would decrease condom use after vaccination. Conclusions. Findings support development of social marketing interventions to increase acceptability of “partial efficacy” vaccines, behavioral interventions to mitigate risk compensation, and targeted cost subsidies.     

Overexpression of mitochondrial Hsp70/Hsp75 protects astrocytes against ischemic injury in vitro.

Mitochondrial heat shock protein 70 (mtHsp70/Hsp75/Grp75/mortalin/TRAP-1/PBP74) is an essential mitochondrial chaperone and a member of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family. Although many studies have shown the protective properties of overexpression of the cytosolic inducible member of the HSP70 family, Hsp72, few studies have investigated the protective potential of Hsp75 against ischemic injury. Mitochondria are one of the primary targets of ischemic injury in astrocytes. In this study, we analyzed the effects of Hsp75 overexpression on cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP levels, and viability during the ischemia-like conditions of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) or glucose deprivation (GD) in primary astrocytic cultures. We show that Hsp75 overexpression decreases ROS production and preserves mitochondrial membrane potential during GD, and preserves ATP levels and cell viability during OGD. These findings indicate that Hsp75 can provide protection against ischemia-like in vitro injury and suggest that it should be further studied as a potential candidate for protection against ischemic injury.