Reducing dust using the electrocautery pencil with suction combined with the infusion catheter in mastectomy

The dust from the vaporized tissue released during a mastectomy presents a hazard to the patients and the operating room personnel. More dust has been noted using the conventional electrocautery pencil in dissecting breast tissue than with the metal knife used in the past. It is very important to reduce the hazardous dust released during mastectomy. For this study 80 patients undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer from March to June 2001 were divided into two groups: 1) those whose dissections were performed with a combination of an electrocautery pencil and suction with an intravenous infusion catheter (40 cases) and 2) those whose dissections were performed with the conventional method in which the electrocautery pencil was handled by the surgeon and the metal suction tube was used separately by an assistant (40 cases). During mastectomy the personal air sampler was affixed to the operator's neck to collect the dust from the vaporized tissue. The concentrations of the total dust were significantly lower in the combined electrocautery-suction method (mean 5.56 +/- 3.26 microg/m3) than in the conventional method (mean 34.81 +/- 4.83 microg/m3) during mastectomy (P < 0.05). Although the operating time and blood loss were less in the combined method than in the conventional method this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The combined method of using the electrocautery pencil for dissecting breast tissue along with the intravenous infusion catheter reduced the concentrations of the total dust from the vaporized tissue plume. Furthermore this method reduces the hazards of dust to the surgeons and operating room personnel. Additionally the cost of this combined method is lower than that of the conventional method.     

Predictive factors associated with long-term survival in patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas

Background Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas are rare tumors. We identified predictive factors that are associated with long-term survival (≥5 years). Methods Fifty patients with a diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas were retrospectively evaluated. The following factors were evaluated for disease-specific mortality: age, sex, primary tumor location, functional status, type of primary tumor treatment, presence or absence of liver metastases, timing of liver metastases occurrence, and type of liver metastases treatment. Aggressive treatment of the liver metastases included surgery, chemoembolization, or intrahepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. Results Twenty-three patients (47%) had tumor located in the head of the pancreas, and 29 patients (58%) had nonfunctioning tumor. Thirty-nine patients (78%) had liver metastases. The median follow-up for the entire group was 35 months (range, 76–206 months). The median survival for the entire group was 40 months, and the overall 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates were 84%, 69%, and 36%, respectively. Factors that had a significant favorable effect on survival included curative resection of the primary tumor, metachronous liver metastases, absence of liver metastases, and aggressive treatment of the liver metastases. Conclusions Definitive surgical resection of the primary tumor, absence of liver metastases, metachronous liver metastases, and aggressive treatment of the liver metastases were predictors of long-term survival in patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. Presented as a poster presentation at the Society of Surgical Oncology 55th Annual Cancer Symposium, Denver, Colorado, March 14–17, 2002.     

应用神经网络和遗传算法优化利福霉素B发酵培养基

对培养基进行优化时，会获得大量的实验数据，但这些实验数据往往不能被进一步利用。如果使用一些不同的方法对历史数据进一步挖掘就可能得出额外的规律。本文使用神经网络对历史数据进行处理，得到了利福霉素B培养基成份和发酵效价之间的关系；再以这个关系作为遗传算法的适应度函数，在一个相对大的空间内快速搜索最优解。优化的培养基使摇瓶发酵效价提高了17．9％，说明所建立的模型能够实现培养基优化的目的并具有数据挖掘的功能。     

在新分离的稀有放线菌群体中检测线型染色体、质粒和噬菌体

稀有放线菌属于革兰阳性细菌，具有重要的应用价值。目前对绝大多数稀有放线菌还没有合适的遗传操作系统。本文报道利用脉冲电泳技术和碱变性方法，对土壤中新分离的约200株稀有放线菌的遗传物质进行了检测。结果显示，除约20个菌株的染色体可能为环型结构外，其余染色体为线型结构。在检测到的染色体外遗传因子中，包括在诺卡菌属菌株中检测到1个线型质粒、4个环型质粒和1个噬菌体，此外，在链孢囊菌属中首次检测到1个质粒。这些遗传因子的发现，为发展稀有放线菌类群的遗传操作体系提供了基础。     

氨基酸对利用红色糖多孢菌发酵生产红霉素的产量及组分影响研究

研究红色糖多孢菌发酵生产红霉素过程中几种氨基酸对产量及组分的影响。通过摇瓶实验证实了0h时向合成培养基中分别添加数种氨基酸，对红霉素的产量与组分都有着重要的影响。本文重点研究甘氨酸在红色糖多孢菌发酵中对产量和组分的影响，试验结果表明，0h添加0．05％的甘氨酸产量明显提高（72．2％），红霉素A组分相对百分含量提高9．7％，红霉素C组分减少78．7％。通过50L FUS-50（A）发酵罐进行验证，红霉素产量达到8939u／ml，比对照提高12．2％，EMA：EMC从5．1：1提高到8.2：1。     

正交试验优选黄连散中葛根等成分的提取工艺

目的:筛选黄连散中葛根、麦冬、枇杷叶的最佳提取工艺。方法:采用正交设计试验,以葛根素总量为指标,考察溶剂浓度、溶剂用量倍数、提取时间、提取次数4种因素对提取结果的影响。结果:最佳提取工艺为60%乙醇、8倍量、提取3次、每次60min。结论:该工艺所得浸膏得率和葛根素含量均较高,稳定、重现性好,可为黄连散的生产提供参考数据。     

七例严重感染患儿血小板动态变化分析

严重感染 (病毒、细菌、真菌等 )可致机体出现全身炎症反应综合征 (SIRS) ,进一步可发展为多器官功能障碍综合征 (MODS)。目前临床上有许多应用于监测的手段 ,我们观察一组感染患儿病程中血小板的动态变化 ,用以探讨血小板与严重感染的关系 ,现报告如下。1　对象和方法1 1　研究对象　收治各种感染患儿 7例 ,男 5例 ,女 2例 ,年龄 3～ 16岁 ,平均 (8 5± 4 2 )岁。诊断为病毒感染 3例(传染性单核细胞增多综合征 2例 ,病毒性脑炎 1例 ) ,败血症 2例 (血培养分别为草绿色链球菌、沙门菌 ) ,化脓性脑膜炎、重症肺炎各 1例 ,其中 5例伴有MO…