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51.
Purpose
To identify conditions allowing the use of cell-based models for studies of drug absorption during in vitro lipolysis of lipid-based formulations (LBFs).Methods
Caco-2 was selected as the cell-based model system. Monolayer integrity was evaluated by measuring mannitol permeability after incubating Caco-2 cells in the presence of components available during lipolysis. Pure excipients and formulations representing the lipid formulation classification system (LFCS) were evaluated before and after digestion. Porcine mucin was evaluated for its capacity to protect the cell monolayer.Results
Most undigested formulations were compatible with the cells (II-LC, IIIB-LC, and IV) although some needed mucin to protect against damaging effects (II-MC, IIIB-MC, I-LC, and IIIA-LC). The pancreatic extract commonly used in digestion studies was incompatible with the cells but the Caco-2 monolayers could withstand immobilized recombinant lipase. Upon digestion, long chain formulations caused more damage to Caco-2 cells than their undigested counterparts whereas medium chain formulations showed better tolerability after digestion.Conclusions
Most LBFs and components thereof (undigested and digested) are compatible with Caco-2 cells. Pancreatic enzyme is not tolerated by the cells but immobilized lipase can be used in combination with the cell monolayer. Mucin is beneficial for critical formulations and digestion products.52.
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Peristera Paschou Dongmei Yu Gloria Gerber Patrick Evans Fotis Tsetsos Lea K. Davis Iordanis Karagiannidis Jonathan Chaponis Eric Gamazon Kirsten Mueller‐Vahl Manfred Stuhrmann Monika Schloegelhofer Mara Stamenkovic Johannes Hebebrand Markus Noethen Peter Nagy Csaba Barta Zsanett Tarnok Renata Rizzo Christel Depienne Yulia Worbe Andreas Hartmann Danielle C. Cath Cathy L. Budman Paul Sandor Cathy Barr Thomas Wolanczyk Harvey Singer I‐Ching Chou Marco Grados Danielle Posthuma Guy A. Rouleau Harald Aschauer Nelson B. Freimer David L. Pauls Nancy J. Cox Carol A. Mathews Jeremiah M. Scharf 《Annals of neurology》2014,76(2):310-315
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex genetic etiology. Through an international collaboration, we genotyped 42 single nucleotide polymorphisms (p < 10−3) from the recent TS genomewide association study (GWAS) in 609 independent cases and 610 ancestry‐matched controls. Only rs2060546 on chromosome 12q22 (p = 3.3 × 10−4) remained significant after Bonferroni correction. Meta‐analysis with the original GWAS yielded the strongest association to date (p = 5.8 × 10−7). Although its functional significance is unclear, rs2060546 lies closest to NTN4, an axon guidance molecule expressed in developing striatum. Risk score analysis significantly predicted case–control status (p = 0.042), suggesting that many of these variants are true TS risk alleles. Ann Neurol 2014;76:310–315 相似文献
59.
Niloufar Dusch Christel Weiss Philip Ströbel Peter Kienle Stefan Post Marco Niedergethmann 《Journal of gastrointestinal surgery》2014,18(4):674-681