Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from the stems of momordica charantia

Four new cucurbitane-type triterpenes, cucurbita-5,23(E)-diene-3beta,7beta,25-triol (1), 3beta-acetoxy-7beta-methoxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-25-ol (2), cucurbita-5(10),6,23(E)-triene-3beta,25-diol (5), and cucurbita-5,24-diene-3,7,23-trione (6), together with four known triterpenes, 3beta,25-dihydroxy-7beta-methoxycucurbita-5,23(E)-diene (3), 3beta-hydroxy-7beta,25-dimethoxycucurbita-5,23(E)-diene (4), 3beta,7beta,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al (7), and 25-methoxy-3beta,7beta-dihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al (8), were isolated from the methyl alcohol extract of the stems of Momordica charantia. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.     

Lung collapse induced by pulmonary hemorrhage: a rare complication of hysteroscopy

Pulmonary hemorrhage is a rare but sometimes fatal complication of hysteroscopy. We present the first case report in which a healthy patient developed lung collapse induced by pulmonary hemorrhage after operative hysteroscopy. The possible etiologies of this rare complication are also discussed.     

Major complications arising from 1265 operative laparoscopic cases: a prospective review from a single center

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To identify the volume and type of laparoscopic surgery being performed. To review the incidence, nature of associated complications, and reasons for conversion to laparotomy. DESIGN: A multicenter, prospective case load analysis and chart review, identifying operations performed by 6 advanced laparoscopic surgeons over a 12-month period (1/1/05 to 12/31/05). SETTING: Surgical cases were performed in 5 hospitals in Sydney, New South Wales. PATIENTS: One thousand two hundred sixty-five women underwent a variety of major and advanced operative procedures. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 1265 major and advanced laparoscopic procedures were performed. Laparoscopic hysterectomy accounted for 364 cases (28.8%), pelvic floor repair and Burch colposuspension 280 cases (22.2%), excisional endometriosis surgery 354 cases (28%), adnexal surgery 177 cases (13.9%), adhesiolysis 75 cases (5.9%), and miscellaneous cases 15 (1.2%). Overall major complications in terms of bowel, urologic, or major vessel injuries accounted for 8 cases (0.6%). There were 4 injuries of the bowel, 2 injuries to the bladder, and 2 injuries to ureters. There were no major vessel injuries. There were no injuries associated with primary trocar or Veres needle insertion. The most common perioperative morbidity reported was the requirement for blood transfusion (11 cases [0.9%]), and the second most common was venous thromboembolism (4 patients [0.3%]). Six (0.5%) cases were converted to laparotomy, 2 as a result of a complication and 4 for technical reasons. Six of the 8 complications were managed laparoscopically, and a multidisciplinary input was sought only in 4 of the 8 complications. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the advanced nature of laparoscopic procedures performed by our group, the complication rate and conversion to laparotomy remain low. There is an increasing feasibility to perform traditional open operations laparoscopically. An increasing number of these complications are now being managed laparoscopically by the gynecologist.     

A comparison of different severities of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy relative to stress, social support, and maternal adaptation

A cross-sectional and comparative research design with convenience sampling was used to recruit pregnant women from prenatal clinics in southern Taiwan between 2002 and 2003 to examine the differences in perceived stress, social support, and maternal psychosocial adaptation among women with different severities (mild or less than mild, moderate, and severe) of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. A total of 150 pregnant women participated in this study. One-way analysis of variance indicated that perceived stress was significantly different among the 3 groups. The least significant difference post-hoc test revealed that pregnant women with mild nausea and vomiting had significantly lower stress than did pregnant women with severe nausea and vomiting. The severity of nausea and vomiting was significantly associated with the Prenatal Self Evaluation Questionnaire subscales for "acceptance of pregnancy" and "fear of helplessness and loss of control in labor." Social support and maternal psychosocial adaptation were not significantly different among these three groups. The degree of perceived stress and maternal psychosocial adaptation may be related to the severity of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.     

颈部气管断裂伤诊断与治疗(附7例报告)

目的:探讨颈部气管断裂伤的诊断与治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析7例颈部气管断裂伤,对患者的临床特点、诊断及治疗经过进行分析。结果:本组年龄30~42岁,全部病例受伤后均有颈部肿痛伴明显的呼吸困难,咯血或痰中带血。喉气管标志消失5例,移位或变形2例,开放性损伤患者均合并不同程度的喉外伤。治疗上均行低位气管切开、气管吻合,同时对喉、甲状腺及颈部相应组织给予修复。所有患者术后均未发生气管狭窄,除2例无声音嘶哑外,余5例均有不同程度声音嘶哑。结论:严重的颈部气管外伤无论是开放性还是闭合性的均易发生窒息和严重的并发症而危及生命。早期明确诊断,采取积极有效的治疗是降低病死率、提高治愈率的关键。     

早期肠内营养联合重组人生长激素对严重烫伤大鼠血清内毒素及TNFα的影响

目的 :探讨早期肠内营养联合重组人生长激素对严重烫伤大鼠血清内毒素及TNFα影响。方法 :成年健康wistar大鼠 130只 ,随机分为正常组 (N)、伤后对照组 (C)、早期肠内营养组 (EEN)及早期肠内营养 +重组人生长激素组 (EEN +rhGH)。C组、EEN组、EEN +rhcGH组均给予 30 %TBSAⅢ°背部烫伤 ,分为伤后第 1、3、5、9天四个时相点 ,烫伤后C组大鼠自由进食饲料 ,EEN组及EEN +rhGH组大鼠灌喂牛奶 ,EEN组大鼠每晚皮下注射生理盐水 0 .1ml,EEN +rhGH组大鼠每晚皮下注射重组人生长激素 0 .3U kg。于各时相点活杀取血 ,分离血清 ,测定内毒素、TNFα含量。结果 :(1)烫伤后各组大鼠血清内毒素水平较伤前正常组 (N组 )显著上升 ,EEN组、EEN +rhGH组大鼠血清内毒水平在各时相点低于C组 ,EEN +rhGH组大鼠血清内毒素水平在各时相点低于EEN组 ;(2 )各组大鼠血清TNFα水平较伤前正常组 (N组 )显著上升 ,EEN组大鼠血清TNFα水平在各时相点低于C组 ,EEN +rhGH组血清TNFα水平在各时相点低于EEN组。结论 :严重烧伤后 ,早期肠内营养可以降低内毒素及TNFα水平 ,早期肠内营养联合重组人生长激素作用于优于单纯早期肠内营养     

Long Term Trends and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Prevalence of Obesity

Obesity is an epidemic associated with higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. However, significant racial disparities in the prevalence of obesity have been reported. To evaluate racial disparities and trends in the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related diseases. A population-based retrospective cohort study utilized data from the 1985 to 2011 California Behavioral Risk Factor Survey. Trends in obesity prevalence were stratified by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors. Multivariate logistic regression models evaluated independent predictors of obesity. The prevalence of obesity in significantly increased from 1985 to 2011 (8.6 vs. 22.8 %, p < 0.001). This increase was seen among men and women, and among all race/ethnic, age, and socioeconomic groups. Hypertension and diabetes also increased during this time period (hypertension 20.7–35.9 %; diabetes 4.2–11.2 %). Obesity prevalence was highest in blacks and Hispanics, and lowest in Asians (blacks 33.3 %; Hispanics 28.8 %; Asians 9.0 %; p < 0.001). Obesity prevalence was associated with lower education level, lower income, and unemployment status. After adjustments for age, sex, co morbidities, and surrogates of socioeconomic status, the increased risk of obesity in blacks and Hispanics persisted (blacks OR 1.51; Hispanics OR 1.18), whereas Asians were less likely to be obese (OR 0.37). While the overall prevalence of obesity increased from 1985 to 2011, significant racial/ethnic disparities in obesity have developed, with the highest prevalence seen in blacks and Hispanics, and the lowest seen in Asians.