发疹型汗管瘤2例

汗管瘤是一种汗腺的良性肿瘤,皮损需与很多丘疹性疾病相鉴别。本文报告2例女性患者,组织病理符合发疹型汗管瘤。     

Cardinal points and image–object magnification with an accommodative lens implant (1 CU)

A simple mathematical method for the determination of the cardinal points of pseudophakic eyes after implantation of an accommodative intraocular lens [posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PCIOL)] is presented. The purpose of this study was to explore the changes during pseudophakic accommodation (PAC) in (1). the positions of the cardinal points, (2). the distance of the object conjugate with the retina, and (3). the image-object magnification. These theoretical accommodation data are compared with clinical measurements. METHODS AND PATIENTS: Using biometrical measurements of the axial length, equivalent power of the cornea and the anterior chamber depth (ACD) in the non-accommodated state we used linear geometric optics for determination of the cardinal points and object distance as well as lateral magnification (the ratio of image to object size). With the measurement of ACD decrease (following pharmacological stimulation of the ciliary muscle with 2% pilocarpine eye drops) we determined the changes of the cardinal points and magnification to assess PAC amplitude from the shortening of the object distance. Calculated values of PAC amplitude were compared with the respective measured values derived from amplitude measures by accommodometer, defocusing and streak retinoscopy. We analysed the results of a prospective study on 35 eyes of 28 patients after cataract surgery (target refraction: -0.2 D) and accommodative PCIOL implantation (1 CU, Human Optics AG, Erlangen, Germany) 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: After pilocarpine eye drops, ACD (mean +/- S.D., range; median) decreased by 0.88 +/- 0.48 mm (0.51-1.91; 0.66). Distance of the in-focus object decreased from the non-accommodated state (-5.62 +/- 1.83 m, -25 to -1.1; -4.83 m) to the accommodated state (ACD decrease) (-0.81 +/- 0.21, -2.11 to -0.65; -0.79 m). For a theoretical ACD decrease of 1.0 mm (the intrinsic limitation of the PCIOL design) it was -0.59 +/- 0.28, -1.31 to -0.51; -0.63 m and resulted in an objective accommodative response of 1.49 +/- 0.16, 1.21-1.81; 1.46 D, depending on the actual geometry of the individual eye. On average, magnification as induced by PAC in contrast to that induced by adequate spectacle addition differed by only about 1%. Accommodation measured with defocusing and the accommodometer correlated significantly with the theoretical value based on IOLMaster measurement of ACD decrease (r = 0.752, p = 0.005 and r = 0.676, p = 0.02). Likewise, accommodation measured with streak retinoscopy correlated weakly with the theoretical value based on IOLMaster ACD decrease (r = 0.465, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Using geometrical optics, PAC can be derived from the biometric data of the eye and the measured ACD decrease. This approach may be an additional indicator for the accommodative response in pseudophakic patients and may allow a subdivision of the measured accommodation into true PAC and pseudoaccommodation, for example, because of increased depth of focus induced by pupillary constriction.     

Thymidine labeling index in breast tumors

The relationship between primary tumor proliferative activity and clinical and pathologic characteristics was analyzed in relation to menopausal status in 32 patients with malignant or benign breast disease. The thymidine labeling index (TLI) showed significantly higher median values in the cancer patients (3.48 per cent) than in the patients with benign diseases (1.02 per cent). TLI was not significantly affected by delayed incubation at room temperature for about 1 hour. In the breast cancer patients, TLI did not significantly correlate to tumor size, the presence of axillary lymph node metastasis or pathologic nuclear grading. The only significant difference was limited to the breast cancer patients without axillary lymph node metastasis in relation to menopausal status; the TLI in the premenopausal patients (5.10 per cent) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that in the postmenopausal patients (2.28 per cent). These data thus suggest that among premenopausal patients without axillary lymph node metastasis, those with a high TLI could be potential candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy.     

急性白血病非系限性分化抗原的动态研究

为探讨仅表达非系限性分化抗原的急性白血病的细胞起源，采用单克隆抗体免疫酶标和聚合酶链反应技术分析了１２例初诊时仅表达非系限性分化抗原的急性白血病化疗后免疫表型及免疫球蛋白重链（ＩｇＨ）和Ｔ细胞受体（ＴＣＲ）γ基因重排的变化。结果表明：初诊时仅表达ＣＤ３８抗原的５例急性白血病，化疗后３例出现Ｔ细胞相关抗原表达，并伴ＴＣＲγ基因重排；５例初诊时仅表达ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ或ＣＤ９的急性白血病，化疗后４例出现Ｂ细胞相关抗原表达，均伴有ＩｇＨ基因重排；２例无任何抗原表达者，化疗后１例表达Ｂ细胞相关抗原，另１例表达骨髓细胞相关抗原。提示免疫标志的动态研究，有助于初诊时免疫学无法分类急性白血病细胞起源的确定。     

Influence of handedness on calcaneal ultrasound: Implications for assessment of osteoporosis and study design

Calcaneal ultrasound has been increasingly studied for its potential in the assessment of osteoporotic fracture risk. The accuracy of such an assessment is, in part, dependent on the reproducibility of the measurement. This study examines the impact of handedness on ultrasound measurements [broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and velocity of sound (VOS)] in the calcaneus. Two hundred and sixty-four subjects (57 men and 297 women) aged 51.1+13.6 years (mean ± SD) were studied. For each subject, calcaneal ultrasound measurements were performed on both heels with a McCue CUBA ultrasound densitometer. Right-handed dominance (94.7%) was determined by structured interview. In men, BUA measurements were significantly higher on the dominant side: mean difference 4.1±1.5 dB/MHz (mean ± SD;p=0.009), equivalent to 4.2+1.5% and more than 4 times the average rate of annual change in BUA. The difference between sides was greater in young (<50 years) than old men (>50 years). Among the women, the difference was not statistically significant (0.7±0.9 dB/MHz;p=0.4); however, it was significant in younger women (20–30 years) (99±4 vs 90±4 dB/MHz,p=0.01). By contrast VOS did not differ between sides in either men or women irrespective of age. Within-subject standard deviation of BUA was 9.8 dB/MHz for men and 8.6 dB/ MHz for women and the component due to right and left difference was 8.4 dB/MHz for men and 6.9 dB/MHz for women. This variability of BUA between right and left heels could increase the false-positive rate by up to 28% for a cut-off of 2 SD below the mean. These data indicate that variation between left and right heel measurements of BUA is higher than that of random error measurements, particularly in men and younger, presumably more physically active subjects. Although VOS measurements were not side dependent, in the smaller number of studies examining VOS and fracture risk, VOS appears to have a weaker predictive power than BUA. Clinical and epidemiological studies involving calcaneal BUA measurements should standardize the side measured to either the dominant or non-dominant heel, to reduce within-subject variation and increase their power.     

腐霉对姜根茎腐烂的作用

本文描述了姜根茎腐烂的三种症状类型:青枯型、黄腐型及黄枯型;分别由青枯细菌、腐霉菌及青桔细菌和腐霉苗引起,鉴定出4种致病腐霉:P(?)(?)P.(?)P.(?)和P.(?).通过接种试验,证明腐霉对姜有较强的致病力;与青枯细菌共同为害,病将更严重,故姜的根茎腐烂不完全是细菌青枯病。     

Effect of tray space on the accuracy of monophasic polyvinylsiloxane impressions.

The effect of tray space on the dimensional accuracy and stability of impressions made from four brands of monophasic polyvinyl siloxane material was assessed on the recovered stone casts by quantitative and qualitative methods. In general, both evaluation methods agreed that tray space and repeat pour did not affect the accuracy of the dies for individual castings. But disagreement was observed in the findings for fixed partial dentures (FPDs). Quantitative measurement of the interpreparation (IP) dimensions did suggest the possibility of a potential problem when a FPD is cast in one piece because of a significantly reduced distance between the two abutments. However, from the findings of this study it can be concluded that a rigid stock tray can be used with a monophasic polyvinyl siloxane impression material.