东方田鼠抗日本血吸虫病相关免疫学研究进展

东方田鼠是一种可以感染血吸虫但是感染后不致病的哺乳动物,体内可能存在对日本血吸虫先天的、可遗传的抗性机制.近年来随着东方田鼠实验动物化,人们对东方田鼠的这种抗性机制进行了深入研究.本文对近几年东方田鼠抗日本血吸虫病相关免疫学研究进展做一综述,从非特异性免疫和特异性免疫角度对东方田鼠这一特殊抗性进行总结及展望.     

不同麻醉方式对上腹部手术患者血浆前列腺素和血栓素的影响

目的　观察不同的麻醉方法对上腹部手术患者血浆 6 酮 前列腺素F1α( 6 keto PGF1α ,PGF1α)和血栓素B2 (TXB2 )的影响。方法　择期上腹部手术患者 2 0例 ,随机分两组 :Ⅰ组为硬膜外麻醉组 ;Ⅱ组为全身麻醉组。于麻醉前、诱导后、手术 10min、手术 5 0min及术毕采静脉血 ,用放射免疫法测定血浆中PGF1α和TXB2 的含量。结果　 ( 1)PGF1α在Ⅰ组麻醉后升高 ,术毕明显高于术前 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;Ⅱ组诱导后下降 ,然后渐升 ,术毕达高峰 (P <0 .0 5 )。 ( 2 )TXB2 在Ⅰ组麻醉后均明显降低 (均为P <0 .0 1) ;Ⅱ组诱导后显著降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,但术毕却明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。 ( 3)PGF1α与TXB2 的比值 (K/T值 )在Ⅰ组麻醉后均显著升高 (均为P <0 .0 1) ,而Ⅱ组仅见诱导后显著增高。结论　硬膜外麻醉对减轻术后早期应激反应优于全麻     

ELISA(双抗体夹心法)共系统检测抗-HBe与HBeAg结果分析

目的探讨用双抗体夹心法检测HBeAgEIA商品试剂盒共系统检测抗-HBe与HBeAg的可行性及结果判定方法。方法用双抗体夹心法检测HBeAgELISA试剂盒结合配套中和(竞争)抑制法检测抗-HBeELISA试剂盒中的中和试剂(HBeAg)等试剂组分共系统检测1000份随机血清(浆)标本抗-HBe与HBeAg,并分别以常规ELISA检测抗-HBe与HBeAg作平行对照。结果ELISA共系统检测抗-HBe与HBeAg易于目测;它们的比色判定临界值同常规ELISA易于设定(或使用临界值血清,检测HBeAg时也使用抗-HBe阴性对照),与常规ELISA检测比色判定无显著性差异(配对计数资料比较的χ2检验:相关检验均为P<0.005,υ=1,a=0.05;抗-HBe优劣检验(ELISA共系统检测抗-HBe前两项COV与抗-HBe临界值血清)均为P>0.900,υ=1,a=0.05;HBeAg优劣检验依次为HBeAg临界值血清:(1)P>0.900,υ=1,a=0.05,抗-HBe阴性对照;(2)0.100>P>0.050,υ=1,a=0.05,ELISA共系统检测HBeAgCOV;(3)0.100>P>0.050,υ=1,a=0.05,但χ21<χ22<χ23)。结论用双抗体夹心法检测HBeAgELISA试剂盒与配套中和(竞争)抑制法检测抗-HBeELISA试剂盒试剂组分重组共系统检测抗-HBe与HBeAg是可行的,两种试剂盒能够相互替代,在有优质现代酶标仪的实验室,可以省去常规ELISA试剂盒其中之一,实用价廉,值得推广。     

Experimental studies on the treatment and pathological basis of combined radiation and burn injury

Objective To investigate therapeutics for and the pathological basis of combined radiation and burn injuriesMethods Combined radiation and burn injuries on mice and rats were inflicted by γ ray irradiation from a (60)Co source and thermal radiation from a 5 kW bromotungsten lampResults The dysfunction of myocardium played an important role in the development of early stage shock. Transfusion of irradiated (in vitro, 20 Gy) or stored (4℃, 7 days) blood after irradiation was done to promote the success of allo-transplantation of bone marrow. Decrease of IL-4 mRNA expression was the molecular basis of depression of intestinal mucosa immune and intervention of IL-4 showed an antagonistic effect on enterogenic infection. A new lipid component extracted from burn eschar was documented for the first time and its toxic effects were elucidated. The survival rate of alloskin grafts after removal of burn eschar from the recipient animals was obviously increased in combined injury due to reduction of immune rejection activity by the radiation effect. In contrast, in animal models with simple burn, the alloskin grafts were all rejected within ten days after the procedure. A successful therapeutic result (survival rate: 92% for 30 days and 67% for 100 days) was obtained by comprehensive management of treated animals, while the untreated control animals all died within 3-7 days after injury. Conclusion The pathogenesis of injury caused by simultaneous radiation and burn is extremely complicated and the treatment is very difficult. A comprehensive management program consisting of several therapeutic measures aimed at key links of the pathogenesis may achieve significantly improved results.     

儿童胫后神经刺激的体感诱发电位正常值及其特点

探讨儿童体感诱发电位的正常值。对３０例８－１４岁健康儿童记录和测量了刺激胫扣神经引起的脊髓和皮层ＳＥＰｓ正常值，并计算出胫后神经４ 传导速度。结果１．ＳＥＰＳ各波潜伏期与身高均呈高度正线怀相关，与年龄，体重亦呈正相关，而潜伏期与年龄，体重的正相关是由身高引起的。２．Ｐ４０－Ｎ２０波间期与身高，年龄，体重均无显著相关关系。结论，ＳＥＰＳ潜伏期正常值应按其与身高的回归方程确定，Ｐ４０－Ｎ２０波间期正常     

利用虚拟仿真技术开展侧颅底教学改革探讨

侧颅底位置深在,解剖关系复杂,传统手术死亡率高,曾被认为是手术禁区。近年来随着相关学科的发展,侧颅底外科的诊疗技术取得很大进步。文章介绍了在临床教学实践中引入虚拟仿真技术,进行教学改革,达到虚拟手术切除,显示重要器官结构相对毗邻关系的做法。     

Therapeutic Effectiveness of Sustained Low‐Efficiency Hemodialysis Plus Hemoperfusion and Continuous Hemofiltration Plus Hemoperfusion for Acute Severe Organophosphate Poisoning

There is no report on the effects of sustained low‐efficiency dialysis (SLED) plus hemoperfusion (HP) (SLED + HP) in patients with acute severe organophosphate (OP) poisoning (ASOPP). This study was designed to compare the therapeutic effectiveness between SLED + HP and continuous hemofiltration (CHF) plus HP (CHF + HP) in patients with ASOPP. In order to assess the two treatment methods, 56 patients with ASOPP were divided into CHF + HP group and SLED + HP group. The biochemical indicators, in‐hospital duration, hemodynamic parameters, Acute Physiology, and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score, and survival and mortality rates were compared. In both groups after treatment, the levels of serum creatine kinase isozyme MB, creatine kinase, creatinine, glutamic‐oxalacetic transaminease, and glutamate‐pyruvate transaminase, and the APACHE II scores on the first, second, and seventh day decreased (P < 0.05), whereas the levels of serum acetylcholinesterase increased. The two groups showed no statistical differences in in‐hospital duration, biochemical indicators, APACHE II score, hemodynamic parameters, survival rate, or the mortality rate (P > 0.05). In conclusion, SLED has similar hemodynamic stability to CHF and the two treatment methods have similar effects on ASOPP patients. More importantly, SLED plus HP is relatively economical and convenient for patients with ASOPP in clinical practice.     

肺腺癌A549细胞CD133~+CD44~+表型在裸鼠体内成瘤能力的研究

目的 探讨肿瘤标志物CD133和CD44的表达与人肺腺癌A549细胞株在裸鼠体内形成肿瘤能力的关系.方法 使用单细胞克隆的方法 ,筛选出能够持续增殖分裂的肿瘤细胞,应用免疫荧光方法 和流式细胞仪检测CD133和CD44在具有增殖分裂能力的A549细胞和普通A549肿瘤细胞的表达情况;按表达结果 对A549细胞进行分组,应用单克隆方法 对各组细胞进行培养,并按不间密度注射于裸鼠皮下,观察各个组别的成瘤能力.结果 (1)在倒置显微镜下观察肿瘤细胞生长情况,发现多数细胞死亡,1周后仅有4.11%的细胞能够增殖分裂形成克隆.(2)具有增殖分裂能力肿瘤细胞的免疫荧光结果 :CD133阳性率为19.0%,CD44阳性率为57.0%;普通A549肿瘤细胞免疫荧光结果 :CD133阳性率为2.5%,CD44阳性率为34.0%;具有分裂增殖能力的肿瘤细胞CD133和CD44阳性表达率显著高于普通A549肿瘤细胞(P<0.01).(3)裸鼠体内成瘤能力实验提示:CD133~+CD44~+(A组)细胞成瘤能力显著高于CD133~-CD44~-(B组)、CD133~-CD44~+(C组)和CD133~+CD44~-(D组)细胞(P<0.05);裸鼠瘤块病理检查证实均为腺癌,各脏器检查未发现转移:在接种CD133~+CD44~+(A组)细胞的瘤块组织中发现除了有CD133~+CD44~+细胞外,还有CD133~-CD44~-细胞.结论 肺腺癌A549细胞株中CD133~+CD44~+细胞在裸鼠体内的成瘤能力显著高于其他细胞.     

四生汤减轻放射反应的作用机制研究

为进一步研究四生汤减轻放射反应的作用机制,分别以＾１３７Ｇｓ－γ射线全身一次性照射造成小鼠急性辐射损伤模型及人骨髓细胞为研究对象,观察四生汤对模型动物和人骨髓细胞增殖的影响。结果表明四生汤明显提高模型动物Ｇ－ＣＦＵ和ＣＦＵ－Ｓ数量,对人骨髓Ｇ－ＣＦＵ产率也有明显的促进作用。四生汤内可能含有促进骨髓造血干细胞增殖和分化的成分。     

氟伐他汀对老年动脉粥样硬化所致肾动脉狭窄的临床疗效观察

目的观察氟伐他汀对老年肾动脉粥样硬化所致肾动脉狭窄(ARAS)的治疗作用及其抗炎机制。方法将在我院门诊及住院的54例老年ARAS患者,随机分为治疗组及对照组,对照组给予常规降压治疗,治疗组每晚加服氟伐他汀40 mg。比较两组治疗前及治疗后尿蛋白排泄率(UAER)、血肌酐(Scr)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及肾脏血管多普勒超声中肾动脉收缩期峰值速度(PSV)、肾动脉血流加速度时间(AT),肾动脉峰值流速与肾动脉开口处腹主动脉流速之比(RAR)等指标。结果观察期间,两组上述指标均呈下降趋势,治疗组UAER,PSV,AT,RAR下降较对照组明显(P<0.05,P<0.01),治疗组CRP下降明显(P<0.05,P<0.01),对照组CRP变化不明显(P>0.05)。而且在两组血脂正常的老年ARAS所致肾动脉狭窄的患者进行比较分析也得出类似结果。结论氟伐他汀因降低CRP的致炎效应而改善肾动脉狭窄,且不依赖氟伐他汀的降血脂作用。