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901.
目的:通过哈萨克族与汉族女性胰岛素抵抗相关因素与血压关系的对比,分析是否存在种族差异。方法:抽取哈、汉民族女性共122人,哈、汉民族皆分为健康人群组及高血压人群组,比较各民族相应人群的胰岛素抵抗相关因素,采用直线相关分析分析各民族之间胰岛素抵抗相关因素与血压之间的关系。结果:在高血压人群组,哈族女性胰岛素抵抗指数(5.3±2.0)显著高于汉族女性(4.3±1.9);在健康人群组,哈族女性胰岛素抵抗指数(4.6±1.3)显著高于汉族女性(3.5±1.2);汉族女性胰岛素抵抗指数与血压显著正相关(r=0.273,P=0.034),瘦素水平与血压显著正相关(r=0.310,P=0.015);哈族女性瘦素水平及胰岛素抵抗指数与血压不相关。结论:哈族女性胰岛素抵抗显著高于汉族女性,存在种族差异;汉族女性胰岛素抵抗指数及瘦素水平与血压显著正相关,而哈族女性胰岛素抵抗指数及瘦素水平与血压不相关,存在种族差异。 相似文献
902.
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are common le-sions that occur in cells. They are caused by exogenous sources such as ionizing radiation, and by endogenous sources such as radicals generated during metabolic processes[1]. In mammalian cells, DSBs are repaired ei-ther by the homologous recombination (HR) pathways or by the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)[2] pathways to maintain the fidelity of human genome. The basic mechanism and factor requirements of the two pathways are different. V… 相似文献
903.
中国儿童营养状况15年变化分析——5岁以下儿童生长发育变化特点 总被引:21,自引:4,他引:21
目的利用中国食物与营养监测系统1990~2005年的数据,对中国经济快速发展时期儿童生长发育特点进行分析,确定当前主要的儿童营养问题,为制定营养改善对策提供科学依据。方法本文用WHO推荐的NCHS标准评价儿童的身高体重发育状况,用Z评分方法,比较1990~2005年中国城乡5岁以下儿童的生长发育变化。结果1990年至2005年,中国5岁以下儿童的低体重率由22.6%降低到8.6%,生长迟缓率由41.4%降至13.1%。城乡儿童的生长迟缓率的差值由1990年的32个百分点降到了2005年的10.6个百分点。但中国贫困农村儿童的低体重率和生长迟缓率分别为12.3%与17.6%。由于中国儿童身高的改善滞后于体重的改善,在1992年前后出现了“生长迟缓型肥胖”现象。1995年,儿童“生长迟缓型肥胖”率最高,达12.6%。1995年后,中国城乡儿童的身高体重发育开始均衡发展,到2005年,中国儿童的身高体重均衡性有了显著的改善。结论15年来中国5岁以下儿童生长发育状况已有很大改善,城乡差距缩小。但是贫困地区儿童的营养不良患病率仍在较高水平,虽然近几年来有了较大的改善。作者提出了在保证6个月龄以下儿童纯母乳喂养的同时,采取适合中国国情的家庭内辅助食品的营养强化等综合干预措施的建议,并强调加强6~24月龄婴幼儿的辅食添加质量以及提高2岁以上儿童的膳食质量,将是进一步有效的提高中国5岁以下儿童营养状况的关键所在。 相似文献
904.
医用显示器的选择不容忽视 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
本文对数字化医学影像系统中的终端显示器从技术参数、性能特点等方面作了分析对比,阐述了医学影像诊断工作选用医用显示器的重要性.强调在医学影像数字化系统建设中,医用显示器和普通显示器在应用中的区别.并指出,在数字化医学影像系统中,如果终端显示器选择不当,将会带来医院整体医疗质量的下降. 相似文献
905.
目的探讨肺动脉栓塞多排螺旋CTA血管成像扫描延迟时间的最佳值,最佳肺动脉血管成像。方法收集了45例肺动脉栓塞多排螺旋CTA血管成像,造影剂用量按1.5ml/kg,注射速率3ml/sec。扫描延迟时间用Bolus Tracking第一组20例;test Bolus为二组15例;常规计算时间为一组10例。准直器宽度2.5mm,层厚3mm。数据重建用最大密度投影(MIP)和容积显示(VR3D)等常规方法。一、二、三组图像分别由两位高年资医师阅片。结果第一组20例中19例和第二组15例图像肺动脉均清晰显示。第三组10例中4例图像模糊,第三组与第一、二组图像质量有显著差异。结论肺动脉栓塞CTA血管造影中扫描延迟时间用Test Bolus和Bolus Tracking较优,常规计算时间延迟图像质量较差。 相似文献
906.
We report on three cases of acutely manic prepubertal children diagnosed with bipolar disorder who were treated with olanzapine in addition to their existing mood stabilizer regimens. All three had marked improvement of their manic symptoms within 3-5 days of beginning olanzapine therapy as measured by clinician-rated instruments. Adverse effects included sedation and weight gain. These results suggest that olanzapine may have an antimanic or mood stabilizing effect in acutely manic children with bipolar disorder. 相似文献
907.
The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between activity and psychopathology in adolescents. A total of 289 high school students completed the Symptom Check List-90-R (SCL-90-R) and Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) in December 1998. The WURS was used to measure the students' activity level and the SCL-90-R was used as a measure of general psychopathology. Forty-one students (14.18%) scored higher than 46, the cut-off point for differentiation of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from the general population according to Ward's report, in the WURS (WURS(+)). The WURS(+) students scored significantly higher than the WURS(-) students in all the subscales of SCL-90-R. The prevalence rate of adolescent WURS(+) in this study is 14.18%. This result shows that ADHD adolescents have overlapping symptoms with depression. 相似文献
908.
Preoperative versus postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in mild to moderate gallstone pancreatitis: a prospective randomized trial 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
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OBJECTIVE: To determine whether endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and common bile duct (CBD) stone extraction should be performed routinely before surgery or'selectively after surgery in patients with mild to moderate gallstone pancreatitis. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The role and timing of ERCP in mild to moderate gallstone pancreatitis remains controversial. Routine preoperative ERCP identifies persisting CBD stones but carries risks of complications and may delay definitive care. Selective postoperative ERCP, performed only if a CBD stone is seen on intraoperative cholangiography (IOC), avoids unnecessary ERCP but risks unsuccessful stone extraction. METHODS: A prospective, randomized study of consecutive patients with gallstone pancreatitis was conducted. Using previously determined criteria, patients with acute cholangitis or necrotizing pancreatitis were excluded. Patients considered at high risk for persisting CBD stones (CBD size > or =8 mm on admission ultrasound, serum total bilirubin > or = 1.7 mg/dL, or serum amylase > or = 150 U/L on hospital day 4) were randomly assigned to routine preoperative ERCP followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy, or laparoscopic cholecystectomy with selective postoperative ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy only if a CBD stone was present on IOC. Primary end points were costs, length of hospital stay, and the combined treatment failure rates (failure of diagnostic ERCP and IOC, complications of ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy, and complications of surgery). RESULTS: One hundred fifty-four consecutive patients with gallstone pancreatitis were evaluated prospectively for study eligibility. Sixty patients met the randomization criteria. Thirty patients were randomized to routine preoperative ERCP and 29 patients to selective postoperative ERCP (1 patient refused). Age, admission laboratory values, and APACHE II and Imrie scores were similar in both groups. By protocol, ERCP was performed in all patients in the preoperative ERCP group. In the postoperative ERCP group, ERCP was necessary in only 7 of 29 patients (24%). Mean hospital stay was significantly longer in the routine preoperative ERCP group (11.7 days) than in the selective postoperative ERCP group (9.0 days). Mean total cost was higher in the preoperative ERCP group ($9,426) than in the postoperative ERCP group ($7,798). The combined treatment failure rate was 10% in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with mild to moderate gallstone pancreatitis without cholangitis, selective postoperative ERCP and CBD stone extraction is associated with a shorter hospital stay, less cost, no increase in combined treatment failure rate, and significant reduction in ERCP use compared with routine preoperative ERCP. 相似文献
909.
Simplified admission criterion for predicting severe complications of gallstone pancreatitis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Meek K Toosie K Stabile BE Elbassir M Murrell Z Lewis RJ Chang L de Virgilio C 《Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)》2000,135(9):1048-52; discussion 1052-4
HYPOTHESIS: Simple admission criteria (white blood cell count, > or =14. 5 x 10(9)/L; blood urea nitrogen level, > or =4.3 mmol/L [> or =12 mg/dL]; heart rate, > or =100 beats per minute; and serum glucose level, > or =8.3 mmol/L [> or =150 mg/dL]) are better predictors of severe complications of gallstone pancreatitis than an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score of 5 or greater, a modified Imrie (Glasgow) score of 3 or greater, and a biliary Ranson score of 3 or greater. DESIGN: A prospective consecutive case study. SETTING: A university-affiliated, urban, public hospital. PATIENTS: Ninety-two consecutive patients (77 women and 15 men, aged 18 to 76 years [mean age, 39 years]) with gallstone pancreatitis. Seventy-seven patients were Hispanic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Major local and systemic complications requiring intensive care unit care, and death. RESULTS: Fourteen patients (15%) had severe complications with a mortality of 2%. On univariate analysis, a white blood cell count of 14.5 x 10(9)/L or more (P =.03), a serum glucose level of 8. 3 mmol/L or more (> or =150 mg/dL) (P<.001), an APACHE II score of 5 or greater (P =.008), a modified Imrie score of 3 or greater (P<.001), and a biliary Ranson score of 3 or greater (P =.03) were statistically associated with the development of severe complications; whereas a blood urea nitrogen level of 4.3 mmol/L or more (> or =12 mg/dL) and a heart rate of 100 beats per minute or more were not. On multivariate analysis, only a serum glucose level of 8. 3 mmol/L or more (> or =150 mg/dL) was predictive of adverse events (P<. 001). CONCLUSIONS: Glucose level (> or =8.3 mmol/L [> or =150 mg/dL]) is the best single admission predictor of severe complications of gallstone pancreatitis and is superior to an APACHE II score of 5 or greater, a modified Imrie score of 3 or greater, and a biliary Ranson score of 3 or greater. 相似文献
910.
Intravenous amiodarone for prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Lee SH Chang CM Lu MJ Lee RJ Cheng JJ Hung CR Chen SA 《The Annals of thoracic surgery》2000,70(1):157-161
BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation occurs in 10% to 40% of patients who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting. This prospective study assesses the safety and efficacy of low-dose intravenous amiodarone in the prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: One hundred forty patients were randomly divided into two groups: an amiodarone group (n = 74) receiving intravenous amiadarone in a loading dose of 150 mg and maintenance dose of 0.4 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) for 3 days before and 5 days after operation and a control group (n = 76) receiving matching infusions of 5% glucose solution. RESULTS: Atrial fibrillation occurred in 9 (12%) of the amiodarone group patients and in 26 (34%) of the control group patients during hospitalization (p < 0.01). The maximum ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation was significantly slower in the amiodarone group (107 +/- 21) than in the control group (138 +/- 24 beats per minute, p < 0.01). The duration of atrial fibrillation in the amiodarone group (1.1 +/- 1.2 hours) was significantly shorter than that in the control group (3.2 +/- 1.3 hours, p = 0.01). The two groups had no significant differences in incidence of major morbidity (8 of 74 versus 8 of 76 in amiodarone and control groups, respectively) or mortality (4 of 74 versus 5 of 76). However, the control group had significantly longer intensive care unit stays (132 +/- 24 versus 111 +/- 19 hours, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative low-dose intravenous amiodarone significantly reduces the incidence, ventricular rate, and duration of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting. Furthermore, low-dose intravenous amiodarone is well tolerated and does not increase the risk of intraoperative or postoperative complications. 相似文献