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41.
D Callahan 《Clinical obstetrics and gynecology》1992,35(4):783-791
Abortion has provided one of the most noxious, disturbing, and unending of all American moral and legal struggles. The issue forces us to think about the most difficult kind of ethical issues, e.g., the moral status of the fetus and the meaning of human "life" and "personhood." The win-at-all-costs attitude among the leading advocacy groups has created gross stereotypes. While most arguments heard today were also heard prior to the Roe vs. Wade decision, the tone has radically changed. Better organization has meant hotter rhetoric and a nastier public style. We need to move the abortion debate along; it is now as stagnate as it is nasty. We need creative discussion and realistic compromise. The pre-Roe arguments in favor of choice have changed. Then, the movement to legalize abortion rested on the following: 1) illegal abortions were killing and maiming women; 2) women should have a backup to ineffective contraception; 3) the number of unwanted pregnancies should be reduced; only wanted children should be born, as a matter of child welfare; 4) women should have the right to make the abortion decision; 5) everything possible should be done to change the economic and domestic circumstances forcing women into unwanted pregnancies. The argument benefited women, children, and society. The many abortion myths that have since taken prominence cloud an already difficult issue. The ongoing tension rests with the conflict between the moral and legal issues. Is it possible to combine legal freedom and seriousness about the moral questions? Only if we recognize the equality of both positions' moral traditions, accept public discussion, the need for compromise, the need to do everything possible to change the economic and social circumstance leading to the abortion choice, and the need for meaningful counseling of women considering abortion. 相似文献
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A case of true hematic cyst of the orbit in a 10-year-old girl, apparently resulting from birth trauma, is presented. Ultrasonic and clinical features believed to aid the examiner in correctly diagnosing such a lesion are presented. While apparently unique among reported cases, "congenital" hematic cysts of the orbit undoubtedly occur occasionally and the possibility of this entity should be considered in appropriate circumstances. 相似文献
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Influence of inhaled corticosteroids on growth: a pediatric endocrinologist''s perspective 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
DB Allen 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1998,87(2):123-129
Given the increasing advocacy for the use of inhaled corticosteroids as a treatment of choice for persistent asthma, growing numbers of children are being exposed to the possible growth-suppressing effects of glucocorticoids. Recent evidence strongly suggests that, when consistently administered at moderate doses, inhaled corticosteroids (IC) are capable of slowing growth in children. Whether such growth suppression would persist and ultimately affect final adult height remains unknown. Therapeutic goals which aim for uninterrupted inflammatory disease control rather than periodic symptom control may increase the occurrence of growth failure in children treated with IC. In this article, current information about the mechanisms of growth suppression by glucocorticoids and the effects of IC on growth is reviewed, and recommendations for designing studies to investigate the effects of drugs on growth are presented. 相似文献
47.
van Kranen HJ; van Iersel PW; Rijnkels JM; Beems DB; Alink GM; van Kreijl CF 《Carcinogenesis》1998,19(9):1597-1601
The variation in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence worldwide strongly
suggests a role for dietary influences. Based on epidemiological data,
protective effects of vegetables and fruit intake on CRC are widely
claimed, while other data indicate a possible increased CRC risk from
(higher) dietary fat intake. Therefore, we have investigated single and
interactive effects of dietary fat and a vegetable-fruit mixture (VFM) in
the ApcMin mouse, a mouse model for multiple intestinal neoplasia. In this
study, four different diets (A-D) were compared, which were either low in
fat (20% energy diets A/B) or high in fat (40% energy diets C/D). In
addition, 19.5% (wt/wt) of the carbohydrates in diets B and D were replaced
by a freeze-dried VFM. The diets were balanced so that they only differed
among each other in fat/carbohydrate content and the presence of specific
plant-constituents. Because the initiation of intestinal tumors in ApcMin
mice occurs relatively early in life, exposure to the diets was started in
utero. Without the addition of VFM, mice maintained at a high-fat diet did
not develop significantly higher numbers of small or large intestinal
adenomas than mice maintained at a low-fat diet. VFM added to a low-fat
diet significantly lowered multiplicity of small intestinal polyps (from
16.2 to 10.2/mouse, 15 animals/group), but not of colon tumors in male
ApcMin mice only. Strikingly, addition of VFM to female mice maintained on
a low-fat diet and to both sexes maintained on a high-fat diet
significantly enhanced intestinal polyp multiplicity (from 16.5 to 26.7
polyps/mouse). In conclusion, our results indicate that neither a lower fat
intake nor consumption of VFM included in a high-fat diet decreases the
development of polyps in mice genetically predisposed to intestinal tumor
development.
相似文献
48.
Int6 expression can predict survival in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
49.
Noncomparative contraceptive efficacy of cellulose sulfate gel 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mauck CK Freziers RG Walsh TL Peacock K Schwartz JL Callahan MM 《Obstetrics and gynecology》2008,111(3):739-746
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the 6-month cumulative probability of pregnancy, short-term adverse effects, and acceptability of cellulose sulfate vaginal contraceptive gel. METHODS: Two hundred fertile heterosexual couples were enrolled in this single-center, phase II, 6-month noncomparative study conducted at the California Family Health Council in Los Angeles, California. Couples did not desire pregnancy, were at low risk for sexually transmitted diseases, and agreed to use 3.5 mL of cellulose sulfate gel intravaginally before each coital act as their primary means of contraception. Scheduled follow-up visits took place after one menstrual cycle and at study completion, which occurred after 6 months and six menstrual cycles had elapsed. In addition, participants were instructed to call the site at the onset of each menses to review their diary cards. RESULTS: The cumulative probabilities of pregnancy during 6 months and six cycles of typical use were 13.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.5-19.4%) and 13.9% (95% CI 7.7-20.2%), respectively, and during 6 cycles of correct and consistent ("perfect") use: 3.9% (95% CI 0.0-9.2%). Slightly over one fourth of the women and one man reported experiencing gel-related adverse events, two thirds of which were mild and only possibly related to the gel. Three quarters of women and men reported that they would buy cellulose sulfate gel for contraception. CONCLUSION: Cellulose sulfate vaginal gel yields pregnancy rates comparable to nonoxynol-9 and few adverse events among couples at low risk for sexually transmitted diseases. 相似文献
50.