SARS病死率的推算研究

目的 推算重症急性呼吸系统综合征(SARS)的病死率，为评价医疗救治工作提供信息。方法 依据SARS死亡病例的病程特点确定从临床确诊到死亡的平均时间间隔，从而提出了时间滞后的推算方法。采用卡方和趋势卡方检验，探讨国内外SARS病死率的差异及其变化规律。结果 北京SARS病死率呈现逐渐下降的趋势，截至2003年6月5日为7．2％，在国内SARS流行地区中处于中间水平，但低于新加坡、越南等国家的病死率，在所有法定报告传染病的病死率中居于较高水平。结论 SARS病例的临床救治工作取得了一定成效，但仍需继续努力。预计SARS在北京地区的最终病死率会在8％左右。     

儿童维生素A与铁营养状况的相关性研究

目的了解中国儿童维生素A(VA)的营养状况、VA缺乏率、VA边缘缺乏率,研究血浆VA与铁营养状况的相关性。方法由2002年“中国居民营养与健康状况调查”的大样本中随机抽取380名3~12岁儿童,检测血浆VA含量,同时测定血红蛋白(Hb)、总铁结合力(TIBC)、铁蛋白(SF)及转铁蛋白受体(sTfR)。了解儿童VA营养状况,计算VA缺乏率、VA边缘缺乏率,研究VA与铁营养状况评价指标的相关性。结果受试儿童VA平均含量为(1·03±0·24)μmol/L,其中8·4%儿童VA缺乏,44·7%儿童VA边缘缺乏。血浆VA与Hb呈正相关(r=0·16986,P<0·01),与sTfR呈负相关(r=-0·12863,P<0·05),与TIBC、SF不相关。结论铁缺乏伴随VA边缘缺乏在中国儿童中普遍存在,VA与铁营养状况存在相关性。     

CDC/AHA Workshop on Markers of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: Application to Clinical and Public Health Practice: laboratory tests available to assess inflammation--performance and standardization: a background paper

Inflammation plays a key role in atherosclerosis. A number of different biomarkers of inflammation are measurable in blood. These include cytokines, chemokines, soluble adhesion molecules, and acute-phase reactants. The first 3 groups of molecules are not routinely measured in clinical laboratories. The acute-phase reactants include C-reactive protein (CRP). This analyte is stable and is readily measured by several commercial high-sensitivity (hs) assays, and numerous clinical studies have demonstrated its usefulness as an atherosclerotic risk marker. For these reasons, CRP is currently the inflammatory marker of choice. Comparison of commercial hsCRP assays has demonstrated that many are capable of imprecision of <7% at a CRP concentration of <1 mg/L. Method comparability studies have shown good agreement among some commercial hsCRP assays in terms of quartile assignments, whereas additional standardization efforts are necessary for others. The first goal of standardization is to develop a secondary reference material with a CRP of approximately 4 mg/L. This material can be used to assist diagnostic vendors in calibrator value assignment and assay harmonization. Another project is to define clearly what performance characteristics are necessary for hsCRP assays. Preliminary estimates based on the biological variability of CRP indicate that the total allowable analytical error is between 15% and 32%. The former requirement can be met with accuracy and imprecision of <5% and the latter requirement with accuracy and imprecision of <11%. If 2 hsCRP results are averaged, then the imprecision requirements are relaxed slightly. Clinical validation of these performance requirements is also required.     

2011年6月中国部分法定传染病疫情动态摘抄

猩红热 山西省：2011年6月报告681例,较上月上升39%,较2010年同期上升424%。病例分布于11个市,报告病例数居前4位的地市为太原（190例）、长治（108例）、临汾（95例）和阳泉（90例）,占报告病例总数的71%。     

2011年7月中国部分法定传染病疫情动态摘抄

流行性腮腺炎河北省：2011年7月报告2165例,报告发病率3.078/10万,无死亡。报告病例数较上月下降20.49%,较2010年同期上升113.72%。报告发病率居前5位的市为承德（8.479/10万）、廊坊（7.013/10万）、张家口（5.404/10万）、石家庄（4.6/10万）及保定（3.019/10万）。广西壮族自治区：2011年7月报告3597例,无死亡。报告病例数较上月上升1.93%,较2010年同期上升47.06%,2011年至本期累计报告数较2010年同期上升41.21%。报告发病数居前5位的县（区）为横县、南宁市西乡塘区、河池市金城江区、贵港市港北区及百色市右江区。     

Bordetella pertussis Strain Lacking Pertactin and Pertussis Toxin

A Bordetella pertussis strain lacking 2 acellular vaccine immunogens, pertussis toxin and pertactin, was isolated from an unvaccinated infant in New York State in 2013. Comparison with a French strain that was pertussis toxin–deficient, pertactin wild-type showed that the strains carry the same 28-kb deletion in similar genomes.